The C structure of the objects used to describe built-in types.
This is the type object for type objects; it is the same object as
type
在 Python 层。
Return non-zero if the object o is a type object, including instances of types derived from the standard type object. Return 0 in all other cases. This function always succeeds.
Return non-zero if the object o is a type object, but not a subtype of the standard type object. Return 0 in all other cases. This function always succeeds.
Clear the internal lookup cache. Return the current version tag.
返回
tp_flags
member of
type
. This function is primarily meant for use with
Py_LIMITED_API
; the individual flag bits are guaranteed to be stable across Python releases, but access to
tp_flags
itself is not part of the limited API.
3.2 版新增。
3.4 版改变：
The return type is now
unsigned long
而不是
long
.
Invalidate the internal lookup cache for the type and all of its subtypes. This function must be called after any manual modification of the attributes or base classes of the type.
Return non-zero if the type object o sets the feature feature . Type features are denoted by single bit flags.
Return true if the type object includes support for the cycle detector; this tests the type flag
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC
.
返回 True 若 a is a subtype of b .
This function only checks for actual subtypes, which means that
__subclasscheck__()
is not called on
b
。调用
PyObject_IsSubclass()
to do the same check that
issubclass()
would do.
Generic handler for the
tp_alloc
slot of a type object. Use Python’s default memory allocation mechanism to allocate a new instance and initialize all its contents to
NULL
.
Generic handler for the
tp_new
slot of a type object. Create a new instance using the type’s
tp_alloc
槽。
Finalize a type object. This should be called on all type objects to finish their initialization. This function is responsible for adding inherited slots from a type’s base class. Return
0
on success, or return
-1
and sets an exception on error.
注意
If some of the base classes implements the GC protocol and the provided type does not include the
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC
in its flags, then the GC protocol will be automatically implemented from its parents. On the contrary, if the type being created does include
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC
in its flags then it
must
implement the GC protocol itself by at least implementing the
tp_traverse
句柄。
Return the type’s name. Equivalent to getting the type’s
__name__
属性。
3.11 版新增。
Return the type’s qualified name. Equivalent to getting the type’s
__qualname__
属性。
3.11 版新增。
Return the function pointer stored in the given slot. If the result is
NULL
, this indicates that either the slot is
NULL
, or that the function was called with invalid parameters. Callers will typically cast the result pointer into the appropriate function type.
见
PyType_Slot.slot
for possible values of the
slot
自变量。
3.4 版新增。
3.10 版改变：
PyType_GetSlot()
can now accept all types. Previously, it was limited to
heap types
.
Return the module object associated with the given type when the type was created using
PyType_FromModuleAndSpec()
.
If no module is associated with the given type, sets
TypeError
并返回
NULL
.
This function is usually used to get the module in which a method is defined. Note that in such a method,
PyType_GetModule(Py_TYPE(self))
may not return the intended result.
Py_TYPE(self)
可以是
subclass
of the intended class, and subclasses are not necessarily defined in the same module as their superclass. See
PyCMethod
to get the class that defines the method. See
PyType_GetModuleByDef()
for cases when
PyCMethod
cannot be used.
3.9 版新增。
Return the state of the module object associated with the given type. This is a shortcut for calling
PyModule_GetState()
on the result of
PyType_GetModule()
.
If no module is associated with the given type, sets
TypeError
并返回
NULL
.
若
type
has an associated module but its state is
NULL
，返回
NULL
without setting an exception.
3.9 版新增。
Find the first superclass whose module was created from the given
PyModuleDef
def
, and return that module.
If no module is found, raises a
TypeError
并返回
NULL
.
This function is intended to be used together with
PyModule_GetState()
to get module state from slot methods (such as
tp_init
or
nb_add
) and other places where a method’s defining class cannot be passed using the
PyCMethod
调用约定。
3.11 版新增。
The following functions and structs are used to create heap types .
创建并返回
heap type
从
spec
(
Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE
).
bases
argument can be used to specify base classes; it can either be only one class or a tuple of classes. If
bases
is
NULL
，
Py_tp_bases
slot is used instead. If that also is
NULL
，
Py_tp_base
slot is used instead. If that also is
NULL
, the new type derives from
object
.
module
argument can be used to record the module in which the new class is defined. It must be a module object or
NULL
. If not
NULL
, the module is associated with the new type and can later be retrieved with
PyType_GetModule()
. The associated module is not inherited by subclasses; it must be specified for each class individually.
此函数调用
PyType_Ready()
on the new type.
3.9 版新增。
3.10 版改变：
The function now accepts a single class as the
bases
argument and
NULL
作为
tp_doc
槽。
相当于
PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(NULL, spec, bases)
.
3.3 版新增。
相当于
PyType_FromSpecWithBases(spec, NULL)
.
Structure defining a type’s behavior.
Name of the type, used to set
PyTypeObject.tp_name
.
Size of the instance in bytes, used to set
PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize
and
PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize
.
Type flags, used to set
PyTypeObject.tp_flags
.
若
Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE
flag is not set,
PyType_FromSpecWithBases()
sets it automatically.
Array of
PyType_Slot
structures. Terminated by the special slot value
{0, NULL}
.
Structure defining optional functionality of a type, containing a slot ID and a value pointer.
A slot ID.
Slot IDs are named like the field names of the structures
PyTypeObject
,
PyNumberMethods
,
PySequenceMethods
,
PyMappingMethods
and
PyAsyncMethods
with an added
Py_
prefix. For example, use:
Py_tp_dealloc
to set
PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc
Py_nb_add
to set
PyNumberMethods.nb_add
Py_sq_length
to set
PySequenceMethods.sq_length
The following fields cannot be set at all using
PyType_Spec
and
PyType_Slot
:
tp_dictoffset
(见
PyMemberDef
)
设置
Py_tp_bases
or
Py_tp_base
may be problematic on some platforms. To avoid issues, use the
bases
自变量
PyType_FromSpecWithBases()
代替。
3.9 版改变：
Slots in
PyBufferProcs
may be set in the unlimited API.
3.11 版改变：
bf_getbuffer
and
bf_releasebuffer
are now available under the limited API.
The desired value of the slot. In most cases, this is a pointer to a function.
Slots other than
Py_tp_doc
may not be
NULL
.
