dis
— Python 字节码的反汇编程序
¶
源代码： Lib/dis.py
dis
模块支持分析 CPython
bytecode
通过反汇编它。此模块接受作为输入的 CPython 字节码的定义在文件
Include/opcode.h
并用于编译器和解释器。
CPython 实现细节： 字节码是 CPython 解释器的实现细节。不保证字节码不会在 Python 版本之间被添加、移除或改变。不应考虑使用此模块来跨 Python VM 或 Python 发行。
3.6 版改变： 每条指令使用 2 字节。先前，字节数因指令而异。
3.10 版改变： The argument of jump, exception handling and loop instructions is now the instruction offset rather than the byte offset.
3.11 版改变：
Some instructions are accompanied by one or more inline cache entries, which take the form of
CACHE
instructions. These instructions are hidden by default, but can be shown by passing
show_caches=True
to any
dis
utility.
范例：给定函数
myfunc()
:
def myfunc(alist): return len(alist)
以下命令可以用于显示反汇编的
myfunc()
:
>>> dis.dis(myfunc) 2 0 RESUME 0 3 2 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (NULL + len) 14 LOAD_FAST 0 (alist) 16 PRECALL 1 20 CALL 1 30 RETURN_VALUE
(2 是行号)。
3.4 版新增。
字节码分析 API 允许将 Python 代码片段包裹在
Bytecode
对象，以提供对编译代码的详细轻松访问。
分析字节码对应函数、生成器、异步生成器、协程、方法、源代码字符串或代码对象 (如返回通过
compile()
).
This is a convenience wrapper around many of the functions listed below, most notably
get_instructions()
, as iterating over a
Bytecode
instance yields the bytecode operations as
Instruction
实例。
若
first_line
不是
None
, it indicates the line number that should be reported for the first source line in the disassembled code. Otherwise, the source line information (if any) is taken directly from the disassembled code object.
若
current_offset
不是
None
, it refers to an instruction offset in the disassembled code. Setting this means
dis()
will display a “current instruction” marker against the specified opcode.
构造
Bytecode
instance from the given traceback, setting
current_offset
to the instruction responsible for the exception.
编译代码对象。
代码对象的第 1 源行 (若可用)
Return a formatted view of the bytecode operations (the same as printed by
dis.dis()
, but returned as a multi-line string).
Return a formatted multi-line string with detailed information about the code object, like
code_info()
.
3.7 版改变： This can now handle coroutine and asynchronous generator objects.
3.11 版改变：
添加
show_caches
参数。
范例：
>>> bytecode = dis.Bytecode(myfunc) >>> for instr in bytecode: ... print(instr.opname) ... RESUME LOAD_GLOBAL LOAD_FAST PRECALL CALL RETURN_VALUE
dis
module also defines the following analysis functions that convert the input directly to the desired output. They can be useful if only a single operation is being performed, so the intermediate analysis object isn’t useful:
Return a formatted multi-line string with detailed code object information for the supplied function, generator, asynchronous generator, coroutine, method, source code string or code object.
Note that the exact contents of code info strings are highly implementation dependent and they may change arbitrarily across Python VMs or Python releases.
3.2 版新增。
3.7 版改变： This can now handle coroutine and asynchronous generator objects.
Print detailed code object information for the supplied function, method, source code string or code object to
file
(或
sys.stdout
if
file
is not specified).
This is a convenient shorthand for
print(code_info(x), file=file)
, intended for interactive exploration at the interpreter prompt.
3.2 版新增。
3.4 版改变： 添加 file 参数。
反汇编
x
对象。
x
can denote either a module, a class, a method, a function, a generator, an asynchronous generator, a coroutine, a code object, a string of source code or a byte sequence of raw bytecode. For a module, it disassembles all functions. For a class, it disassembles all methods (including class and static methods). For a code object or sequence of raw bytecode, it prints one line per bytecode instruction. It also recursively disassembles nested code objects (the code of comprehensions, generator expressions and nested functions, and the code used for building nested classes). Strings are first compiled to code objects with the
compile()
built-in function before being disassembled. If no object is provided, this function disassembles the last traceback.
The disassembly is written as text to the supplied
file
argument if provided and to
sys.stdout
否则。
The maximal depth of recursion is limited by
depth
unless it is
None
.
depth=0
意味着不递归。
3.4 版改变： 添加 file 参数。
3.7 版改变： Implemented recursive disassembling and added depth 参数。
3.7 版改变： This can now handle coroutine and asynchronous generator objects.
3.11 版改变：
添加
show_caches
参数。
Disassemble the top-of-stack function of a traceback, using the last traceback if none was passed. The instruction causing the exception is indicated.
The disassembly is written as text to the supplied
file
argument if provided and to
sys.stdout
否则。
3.4 版改变： 添加 file 参数。
3.11 版改变：
添加
show_caches
参数。
Disassemble a code object, indicating the last instruction if lasti was provided. The output is divided in the following columns:
the line number, for the first instruction of each line
the current instruction, indicated as
-->
,
a labelled instruction, indicated with
>>
,
the address of the instruction,
the operation code name,
operation parameters, and
interpretation of the parameters in parentheses.
The parameter interpretation recognizes local and global variable names, constant values, branch targets, and compare operators.
The disassembly is written as text to the supplied
file
argument if provided and to
sys.stdout
否则。
3.4 版改变： 添加 file 参数。
3.11 版改变：
添加
show_caches
参数。
Return an iterator over the instructions in the supplied function, method, source code string or code object.
The iterator generates a series of
Instruction
named tuples giving the details of each operation in the supplied code.
若
first_line
不是
None
, it indicates the line number that should be reported for the first source line in the disassembled code. Otherwise, the source line information (if any) is taken directly from the disassembled code object.
3.4 版新增。
3.11 版改变：
添加
show_caches
参数。
This generator function uses the
co_lines
method of the code object
code
to find the offsets which are starts of lines in the source code. They are generated as
(offset, lineno)
pairs.
3.6 版改变： Line numbers can be decreasing. Before, they were always increasing.
3.10 版改变：
PEP 626
co_lines
method is used instead of the
co_firstlineno
and
co_lnotab
attributes of the code object.
Detect all offsets in the raw compiled bytecode string code which are jump targets, and return a list of these offsets.
Compute the stack effect of opcode 采用自变量 oparg .
If the code has a jump target and
jump
is
True
,
stack_effect()
will return the stack effect of jumping. If
jump
is
False
, it will return the stack effect of not jumping. And if
jump
is
None
(default), it will return the maximal stack effect of both cases.
3.4 版新增。
3.8 版改变： 添加 jump 参数。
get_instructions()
函数和
Bytecode
class provide details of bytecode instructions as
Instruction
实例：
用于字节码操作的细节
numeric code for operation, corresponding to the opcode values listed below and the bytecode values in the 操作码集合 .
人性化可读操作的名称
numeric argument to operation (if any), otherwise
None
resolved arg value (if any), otherwise
None
human readable description of operation argument (if any), otherwise an empty string.
start index of operation within bytecode sequence
line started by this opcode (if any), otherwise
None
True
if other code jumps to here, otherwise
False
dis.Positions
object holding the start and end locations that are covered by this instruction.
3.4 版新增。
3.11 版改变：
字段
positions
is added.
In case the information is not available, some fields might be
None
.
3.11 版新增。
The Python compiler currently generates the following bytecode instructions.
General instructions
Do nothing code. Used as a placeholder by the bytecode optimizer, and to generate line tracing events.
Removes the top-of-stack (TOS) item.
Push the i -th item to the top of the stack. The item is not removed from its original location.
3.11 版新增。
Swap TOS with the item at position i .
3.11 版新增。
Rather than being an actual instruction, this opcode is used to mark extra space for the interpreter to cache useful data directly in the bytecode itself. It is automatically hidden by all
dis
utilities, but can be viewed with
show_caches=True
.
Logically, this space is part of the preceding instruction. Many opcodes expect to be followed by an exact number of caches, and will instruct the interpreter to skip over them at runtime.
Populated caches can look like arbitrary instructions, so great care should be taken when reading or modifying raw, adaptive bytecode containing quickened data.
3.11 版新增。
Unary operations
Unary operations take the top of the stack, apply the operation, and push the result back on the stack.
实现
TOS = +TOS
.
实现
TOS = -TOS
.
实现
TOS = not TOS
.
实现
TOS = ~TOS
.
实现
TOS = iter(TOS)
.
若
TOS
是
生成器迭代器
or
协程
object it is left as is. Otherwise, implements
TOS = iter(TOS)
.
3.5 版新增。
Binary and in-place operations
Binary operations remove the top of the stack (TOS) and the second top-most stack item (TOS1) from the stack. They perform the operation, and put the result back on the stack.
In-place operations are like binary operations, in that they remove TOS and TOS1, and push the result back on the stack, but the operation is done in-place when TOS1 supports it, and the resulting TOS may be (but does not have to be) the original TOS1.
Implements the binary and in-place operators (depending on the value of op ).
3.11 版新增。
实现
TOS = TOS1[TOS]
.
实现
TOS1[TOS] = TOS2
.
实现
del TOS1[TOS]
.
Coroutine opcodes
实现
TOS = get_awaitable(TOS)
，其中
get_awaitable(o)
返回
o
if
o
is a coroutine object or a generator object with the CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE flag, or resolves
o.__await__
.
若
where
operand is nonzero, it indicates where the instruction occurs:
1
After a call to
__aenter__
2
After a call to
__aexit__
3.5 版新增。
3.11 版改变： Previously, this instruction did not have an oparg.
实现
TOS = TOS.__aiter__()
.
3.5 版新增。
3.7 版改变：
Returning awaitable objects from
__aiter__
is no longer supported.
Pushes
get_awaitable(TOS.__anext__())
to the stack. See
GET_AWAITABLE
for details about
get_awaitable
.
3.5 版新增。
Terminates an
async for
loop. Handles an exception raised when awaiting a next item. If TOS is
StopAsyncIteration
pop 3 values from the stack and restore the exception state using the second of them. Otherwise re-raise the exception using the value from the stack. An exception handler block is removed from the block stack.
3.8 版新增：
3.11 版改变： Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.
Resolves
__aenter__
and
__aexit__
from the object on top of the stack. Pushes
__aexit__
and result of
__aenter__()
to the stack.
3.5 版新增。
Miscellaneous opcodes
Implements the expression statement for the interactive mode. TOS is removed from the stack and printed. In non-interactive mode, an expression statement is terminated with
POP_TOP
.
调用
set.add(TOS1[-i], TOS)
. Used to implement set comprehensions.
调用
list.append(TOS1[-i], TOS)
. Used to implement list comprehensions.
调用
dict.__setitem__(TOS1[-i], TOS1, TOS)
. Used to implement dict comprehensions.
3.1 版新增。
3.8 版改变： Map value is TOS and map key is TOS1. Before, those were reversed.
For all of the
SET_ADD
,
LIST_APPEND
and
MAP_ADD
instructions, while the added value or key/value pair is popped off, the container object remains on the stack so that it is available for further iterations of the loop.
Returns with TOS to the caller of the function.
Checks whether
__annotations__
is defined in
locals()
, if not it is set up to an empty
dict
. This opcode is only emitted if a class or module body contains
变量注解
statically.
3.6 版新增。
Loads all symbols not starting with
'_'
directly from the module TOS to the local namespace. The module is popped after loading all names. This opcode implements
from module import *
.
Pops a value from the stack, which is used to restore the exception state.
3.11 版改变： Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.
Re-raises the exception currently on top of the stack. If oparg is non-zero, pops an additional value from the stack which is used to set
f_lasti
of the current frame.
3.9 版新增。
3.11 版改变： Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.
Pops a value from the stack. Pushes the current exception to the top of the stack. Pushes the value originally popped back to the stack. Used in exception handlers.
3.11 版新增。
Performs exception matching for
except
. Tests whether the TOS1 is an exception matching TOS. Pops TOS and pushes the boolean result of the test.
3.11 版新增。
Performs exception matching for
except*
. Applies
split(TOS)
on the exception group representing TOS1.
In case of a match, pops two items from the stack and pushes the non-matching subgroup (
None
in case of full match) followed by the matching subgroup. When there is no match, pops one item (the match type) and pushes
None
.
3.11 版新增。
Combines the raised and reraised exceptions list from TOS, into an exception group to propagate from a try-except* block. Uses the original exception group from TOS1 to reconstruct the structure of reraised exceptions. Pops two items from the stack and pushes the exception to reraise or
None
if there isn’t one.
3.11 版新增。
Calls the function in position 4 on the stack with arguments (type, val, tb) representing the exception at the top of the stack. Used to implement the call
context_manager.__exit__(*exc_info())
when an exception has occurred in a
with
语句。
3.9 版新增。
3.11 版改变：
__exit__
function is in position 4 of the stack rather than 7. Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.
Pushes
AssertionError
onto the stack. Used by the
assert
语句。
3.9 版新增。
Pushes
builtins.__build_class__()
onto the stack. It is later called to construct a class.
This opcode performs several operations before a with block starts. First, it loads
__exit__()
from the context manager and pushes it onto the stack for later use by
WITH_EXCEPT_START
. Then,
__enter__()
is called. Finally, the result of calling the
__enter__()
method is pushed onto the stack.
3.11 版新增。
Push
len(TOS)
在堆栈。
3.10 版新增。
If TOS is an instance of
collections.abc.Mapping
(or, more technically: if it has the
Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING
flag set in its
tp_flags
), push
True
onto the stack. Otherwise, push
False
.
3.10 版新增。
If TOS is an instance of
collections.abc.Sequence
and is
not
实例化的
str
/
bytes
/
bytearray
(or, more technically: if it has the
Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE
flag set in its
tp_flags
), push
True
onto the stack. Otherwise, push
False
.
3.10 版新增。
TOS is a tuple of mapping keys, and TOS1 is the match subject. If TOS1 contains all of the keys in TOS, push a
tuple
containing the corresponding values. Otherwise, push
None
.
3.10 版新增。
3.11 版改变：
Previously, this instruction also pushed a boolean value indicating success (
True
) or failure (
False
).
实现
name = TOS
.
namei
is the index of
name
in the attribute
co_names
of the code object. The compiler tries to use
STORE_FAST
or
STORE_GLOBAL
若可能的话。
实现
del name
，其中
namei
is the index into
co_names
attribute of the code object.
Unpacks TOS into count individual values, which are put onto the stack right-to-left.
Implements assignment with a starred target: Unpacks an iterable in TOS into individual values, where the total number of values can be smaller than the number of items in the iterable: one of the new values will be a list of all leftover items.
The low byte of counts is the number of values before the list value, the high byte of counts the number of values after it. The resulting values are put onto the stack right-to-left.
实现
TOS.name = TOS1
，其中
namei
is the index of name in
co_names
.
实现
del TOS.name
，使用
namei
as index into
co_names
.
Works as
STORE_NAME
, but stores the name as a global.
Works as
DELETE_NAME
, but deletes a global name.
Pushes
co_consts[consti]
在堆栈。
Pushes the value associated with
co_names[namei]
在堆栈。
Creates a tuple consuming count items from the stack, and pushes the resulting tuple onto the stack.
Works as
BUILD_TUPLE
, but creates a list.
Works as
BUILD_TUPLE
, but creates a set.
Pushes a new dictionary object onto the stack. Pops
2 * count
items so that the dictionary holds
count
entries:
{..., TOS3: TOS2, TOS1: TOS}
.
3.5 版改变： The dictionary is created from stack items instead of creating an empty dictionary pre-sized to hold count 项。
The version of
BUILD_MAP
specialized for constant keys. Pops the top element on the stack which contains a tuple of keys, then starting from
TOS1
, pops
count
values to form values in the built dictionary.
3.6 版新增。
Concatenates count strings from the stack and pushes the resulting string onto the stack.
3.6 版新增。
Pops a list from the stack and pushes a tuple containing the same values.
3.9 版新增。
调用
list.extend(TOS1[-i], TOS)
. Used to build lists.
3.9 版新增。
调用
set.update(TOS1[-i], TOS)
。用于构建集。
3.9 版新增。
调用
dict.update(TOS1[-i], TOS)
. Used to build dicts.
3.9 版新增。
像
DICT_UPDATE
but raises an exception for duplicate keys.
3.9 版新增。
Replaces TOS with
getattr(TOS, co_names[namei])
.
Performs a Boolean operation. The operation name can be found in
cmp_op[opname]
.
履行
is
comparison, or
is not
if
invert
is 1.
3.9 版新增。
履行
in
comparison, or
not in
if
invert
is 1.
3.9 版新增。
Imports the module
co_names[namei]
. TOS and TOS1 are popped and provide the
fromlist
and
level
arguments of
__import__()
. The module object is pushed onto the stack. The current namespace is not affected: for a proper import statement, a subsequent
STORE_FAST
instruction modifies the namespace.
Loads the attribute
co_names[namei]
from the module found in TOS. The resulting object is pushed onto the stack, to be subsequently stored by a
STORE_FAST
instruction.
Increments bytecode counter by delta .
Decrements bytecode counter by delta . Checks for interrupts.
3.11 版新增。
Decrements bytecode counter by delta . Does not check for interrupts.
3.11 版新增。
If TOS is true, increments the bytecode counter by delta . TOS is popped.
3.11 版新增。
If TOS is true, decrements the bytecode counter by delta . TOS is popped.
3.11 版新增。
If TOS is false, increments the bytecode counter by delta . TOS is popped.
3.11 版新增。
If TOS is false, decrements the bytecode counter by delta . TOS is popped.
3.11 版新增。
If TOS is not
None
, increments the bytecode counter by
delta
. TOS is popped.
3.11 版新增。
If TOS is not
None
, decrements the bytecode counter by
delta
. TOS is popped.
3.11 版新增。
If TOS is
None
, increments the bytecode counter by
delta
. TOS is popped.
3.11 版新增。
If TOS is
None
, decrements the bytecode counter by
delta
. TOS is popped.
3.11 版新增。
If TOS is true, increments the bytecode counter by delta and leaves TOS on the stack. Otherwise (TOS is false), TOS is popped.
3.1 版新增。
3.11 版改变： The oparg is now a relative delta rather than an absolute target.
If TOS is false, increments the bytecode counter by delta and leaves TOS on the stack. Otherwise (TOS is true), TOS is popped.
3.1 版新增。
3.11 版改变： The oparg is now a relative delta rather than an absolute target.
TOS 是
iterator
. Call its
__next__()
method. If this yields a new value, push it on the stack (leaving the iterator below it). If the iterator indicates it is exhausted, TOS is popped, and the byte code counter is incremented by
delta
.
Loads the global named
co_names[namei>>1]
在堆栈。
3.11 版改变：
If the low bit of
namei
is set, then a
NULL
is pushed to the stack before the global variable.
将引用压入本地
co_varnames[var_num]
在堆栈。
将 TOS 存储到本地
co_varnames[var_num]
.
删除本地
co_varnames[var_num]
.
Creates a new cell in slot
i
. If that slot is empty then that value is stored into the new cell.
3.11 版新增。
Pushes a reference to the cell contained in slot
i
of the “fast locals” storage. The name of the variable is
co_fastlocalnames[i]
.
注意，
LOAD_CLOSURE
is effectively an alias for
LOAD_FAST
. It exists to keep bytecode a little more readable.
3.11 版改变：
i
is no longer offset by the length of
co_varnames
.
Loads the cell contained in slot
i
of the “fast locals” storage. Pushes a reference to the object the cell contains on the stack.
3.11 版改变：
i
is no longer offset by the length of
co_varnames
.
Much like
LOAD_DEREF
but first checks the locals dictionary before consulting the cell. This is used for loading free variables in class bodies.
3.4 版新增。
3.11 版改变：
i
is no longer offset by the length of
co_varnames
.
Stores TOS into the cell contained in slot
i
of the “fast locals” storage.
3.11 版改变：
i
is no longer offset by the length of
co_varnames
.
Empties the cell contained in slot
i
of the “fast locals” storage. Used by the
del
语句。
3.2 版新增。
3.11 版改变：
i
is no longer offset by the length of
co_varnames
.
拷贝
n
free variables from the closure into the frame. Removes the need for special code on the caller’s side when calling closures.
3.11 版新增。
Raises an exception using one of the 3 forms of the
raise
statement, depending on the value of
argc
:
0:
raise
(re-raise previous exception)
1:
raise TOS
(raise exception instance or type at
TOS
)
2:
raise TOS1 from TOS
(raise exception instance or type at
TOS1
with
__cause__
设为
TOS
)
Calls a callable object with the number of arguments specified by
argc
, including the named arguments specified by the preceding
KW_NAMES
, if any. On the stack are (in ascending order), either:
NULL
The callable
The positional arguments
The named arguments
或：
The callable
self
The remaining positional arguments
The named arguments
argc
is the total of the positional and named arguments, excluding
self
当
NULL
不存在。
CALL
pops all arguments and the callable object off the stack, calls the callable object with those arguments, and pushes the return value returned by the callable object.
3.11 版新增。
Calls a callable object with variable set of positional and keyword arguments. If the lowest bit of
flags
is set, the top of the stack contains a mapping object containing additional keyword arguments. Before the callable is called, the mapping object and iterable object are each “unpacked” and their contents passed in as keyword and positional arguments respectively.
CALL_FUNCTION_EX
pops all arguments and the callable object off the stack, calls the callable object with those arguments, and pushes the return value returned by the callable object.
3.6 版新增。
Loads a method named
co_names[namei]
from the TOS object. TOS is popped. This bytecode distinguishes two cases: if TOS has a method with the correct name, the bytecode pushes the unbound method and TOS. TOS will be used as the first argument (
self
) by
CALL
when calling the unbound method. Otherwise,
NULL
and the object return by the attribute lookup are pushed.
3.7 版新增。
Prefixes
CALL
. Logically this is a no op. It exists to enable effective specialization of calls.
argc
is the number of arguments as described in
CALL
.
3.11 版新增。
Pushes a
NULL
to the stack. Used in the call sequence to match the
NULL
pushed by
LOAD_METHOD
for non-method calls.
3.11 版新增。
Prefixes
PRECALL
. Stores a reference to
co_consts[consti]
into an internal variable for use by
CALL
.
co_consts[consti]
must be a tuple of strings.
3.11 版新增。
Pushes a new function object on the stack. From bottom to top, the consumed stack must consist of values if the argument carries a specified flag value
0x01
a tuple of default values for positional-only and positional-or-keyword parameters in positional order
0x02
a dictionary of keyword-only parameters’ default values
0x04
a tuple of strings containing parameters’ annotations
0x08
a tuple containing cells for free variables, making a closure
the code associated with the function (at TOS1)
合格名称 of the function (at TOS)
3.10 版改变：
Flag value
0x04
is a tuple of strings instead of dictionary
Pushes a slice object on the stack.
argc
must be 2 or 3. If it is 2,
slice(TOS1, TOS)
is pushed; if it is 3,
slice(TOS2, TOS1, TOS)
is pushed. See the
slice()
built-in function for more information.
Prefixes any opcode which has an argument too big to fit into the default one byte.
ext
holds an additional byte which act as higher bits in the argument. For each opcode, at most three prefixal
EXTENDED_ARG
are allowed, forming an argument from two-byte to four-byte.
Used for implementing formatted literal strings (f-strings). Pops an optional fmt_spec from the stack, then a required value . flags is interpreted as follows:
(flags & 0x03) == 0x00
:
value
is formatted as-is.
(flags & 0x03) == 0x01
: call
str()
on
value
before formatting it.
(flags & 0x03) == 0x02
: call
repr()
on
value
before formatting it.
(flags & 0x03) == 0x03
: call
ascii()
on
value
before formatting it.
(flags & 0x04) == 0x04
: pop
fmt_spec
from the stack and use it, else use an empty
fmt_spec
.
Formatting is performed using
PyObject_Format()
. The result is pushed on the stack.
3.6 版新增。
TOS is a tuple of keyword attribute names, TOS1 is the class being matched against, and TOS2 is the match subject. count is the number of positional sub-patterns.
Pop TOS, TOS1, and TOS2. If TOS2 is an instance of TOS1 and has the positional and keyword attributes required by
count
and TOS, push a tuple of extracted attributes. Otherwise, push
None
.
3.10 版新增。
3.11 版改变：
Previously, this instruction also pushed a boolean value indicating success (
True
) or failure (
False
).
A no-op. Performs internal tracing, debugging and optimization checks.
where
operand marks where the
RESUME
occurs:
0
The start of a function
1
After a
yield
表达式
2
After a
yield from
表达式
3
After an
await
表达式
3.11 版新增。
Create a generator, coroutine, or async generator from the current frame. Clear the current frame and return the newly created generator.
3.11 版新增。
发送
None
to the sub-generator of this generator. Used in
yield from
and
await
语句。
3.11 版新增。
Wraps the value on top of the stack in an
async_generator_wrapped_value
. Used to yield in async generators.
3.11 版新增。
This is not really an opcode. It identifies the dividing line between opcodes which don’t use their argument and those that do (
< HAVE_ARGUMENT
and
>= HAVE_ARGUMENT
, respectively).
3.6 版改变：
Now every instruction has an argument, but opcodes
< HAVE_ARGUMENT
ignore it. Before, only opcodes
>= HAVE_ARGUMENT
had an argument.
These collections are provided for automatic introspection of bytecode instructions:
Sequence of operation names, indexable using the bytecode.
Dictionary mapping operation names to bytecodes.
Sequence of all compare operation names.
Sequence of bytecodes that access a constant.
Sequence of bytecodes that access a free variable (note that ‘free’ in this context refers to names in the current scope that are referenced by inner scopes or names in outer scopes that are referenced from this scope. It does not include references to global or builtin scopes).
Sequence of bytecodes that access an attribute by name.
Sequence of bytecodes that have a relative jump target.
Sequence of bytecodes that have an absolute jump target.
Sequence of bytecodes that access a local variable.
Sequence of bytecodes of Boolean operations.