fnmatch
— Unix 文件名模式匹配
¶
源代码： Lib/fnmatch.py
此模块提供对 Unix Shell 样式通配符的支持，这
not
与正则表达式相同 (文档化在
re
模块)。用于 Shell 样式通配符的特殊字符：
| 模式 | 含义 |
|---|---|
*
|
匹配一切 |
?
|
匹配任何单字符 |
[seq]
|
匹配任何字符在 seq |
[!seq]
|
匹配任何字符不在 seq |
对于文字匹配，将元字符包裹在括号中。例如，
'[?]'
匹配字符
'?'
.
Note that the filename separator (
'/'
on Unix) is
not
special to this module. See module
glob
for pathname expansion (
glob
使用
filter()
to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the
*
and
?
patterns.
另请注意
functools.lru_cache()
采用
maxsize
of 32768 is used to cache the compiled regex patterns in the following functions:
fnmatch()
,
fnmatchcase()
,
filter()
.
Test whether the
filename
string matches the
pattern
string, returning
True
or
False
. Both parameters are case-normalized using
os.path.normcase()
.
fnmatchcase()
can be used to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that’s standard for the operating system.
This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension
.txt
:
import fnmatch import os for file in os.listdir('.'): if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'): print(file)
测试是否
filename
匹配
pattern
，返回
True
or
False
; the comparison is case-sensitive and does not apply
os.path.normcase()
.
Construct a list from those elements of the iterable
名称
that match
pattern
. It is the same as
[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]
, but implemented more efficiently.
Return the shell-style
pattern
converted to a regular expression for using with
re.match()
.
范例：
>>> import fnmatch, re >>> >>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt') >>> regex '(?s:.*\\.txt)\\Z' >>> reobj = re.compile(regex) >>> reobj.match('foobar.txt') <re.Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'>
另请参阅
glob
Unix shell 样式的路径扩展。