http — HTTP 模块 ¶

源代码： Lib/http/__init__.py

---

http 是集合了几个操控 HTTP (超文本传输协议) 模块的包：

• http.client 是低级 HTTP 协议客户端；对于高级 URL 打开使用 urllib.request

• http.server 包含基本 HTTP 服务器类基于 socketserver

• http.cookies 是拥有管理 Cookie 实现状态的实用工具

• http.cookiejar 提供 Cookie 的持久性

http 模块还定义了下列帮助操控 HTTP 相关代码的枚举：

class http. HTTPStatus ¶

3.5 版新增。

子类化的 enum.IntEnum that defines a set of HTTP status codes, reason phrases and long descriptions written in English.

用法：

>>> from http import HTTPStatus
>>> HTTPStatus.OK
HTTPStatus.OK
>>> HTTPStatus.OK == 200
True
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.value
200
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.phrase
'OK'
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.description
'Request fulfilled, document follows'
>>> list(HTTPStatus)
[HTTPStatus.CONTINUE, HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS, ...]
						

HTTP 状态码 ¶

支持， IANA-registered status codes available in http.HTTPStatus 是：

代码	枚举名称	细节
100	CONTINUE	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.2.1
101	SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.2.2
102	PROCESSING	WebDAV RFC 2518 ，章节 10.1
103	EARLY_HINTS	HTTP 状态码用于指示提示 RFC 8297
200	OK	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.1
201	CREATED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.2
202	ACCEPTED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.3
203	NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.4
204	NO_CONTENT	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.5
205	RESET_CONTENT	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.6
206	PARTIAL_CONTENT	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7233 ，章节 4.1
207	MULTI_STATUS	WebDAV RFC 4918 ，章节 11.1
208	ALREADY_REPORTED	WebDAV 绑定扩展 RFC 5842 ，章节 7.1 (实验性)
226	IM_USED	增量编码在 HTTP RFC 3229 ，章节 10.4.1
300	MULTIPLE_CHOICES	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.1
301	MOVED_PERMANENTLY	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.2
302	FOUND	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.3
303	SEE_OTHER	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.4
304	NOT_MODIFIED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232 ，章节 4.1
305	USE_PROXY	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.5
307	TEMPORARY_REDIRECT	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.7
308	PERMANENT_REDIRECT	Permanent Redirect RFC 7238 , Section 3 (Experimental)
400	BAD_REQUEST	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.5.1
401	UNAUTHORIZED	HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235 , Section 3.1
402	PAYMENT_REQUIRED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.2
403	FORBIDDEN	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.3
404	NOT_FOUND	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.4
405	METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.5
406	NOT_ACCEPTABLE	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.6
407	PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED	HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235 , Section 3.2
408	REQUEST_TIMEOUT	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.7
409	CONFLICT	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.8
410	GONE	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.9
411	LENGTH_REQUIRED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.10
412	PRECONDITION_FAILED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232 , Section 4.2
413	REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.11
414	REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.12
415	UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.13
416	REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE	HTTP/1.1 Range Requests RFC 7233 , Section 4.4
417	EXPECTATION_FAILED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.14
418	IM_A_TEAPOT	HTCPCP/1.0 RFC 2324 , Section 2.3.2
421	MISDIRECTED_REQUEST	HTTP/2 RFC 7540 , Section 9.1.2
422	UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY	WebDAV RFC 4918 , Section 11.2
423	LOCKED	WebDAV RFC 4918 , Section 11.3
424	FAILED_DEPENDENCY	WebDAV RFC 4918 , Section 11.4
425	TOO_EARLY	Using Early Data in HTTP RFC 8470
426	UPGRADE_REQUIRED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.15
428	PRECONDITION_REQUIRED	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585
429	TOO_MANY_REQUESTS	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585
431	REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585
451	UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS	An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles RFC 7725
500	INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.1
501	NOT_IMPLEMENTED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.2
502	BAD_GATEWAY	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.3
503	SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.4
504	GATEWAY_TIMEOUT	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.5
505	HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.6.6
506	VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES	Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP RFC 2295 , Section 8.1 (Experimental)
507	INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE	WebDAV RFC 4918 , Section 11.5
508	LOOP_DETECTED	WebDAV 绑定扩展 RFC 5842 , Section 7.2 (Experimental)
510	NOT_EXTENDED	An HTTP Extension Framework RFC 2774 , Section 7 (Experimental)
511	NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585 ，章节 6

In order to preserve backwards compatibility, enum values are also present in the http.client module in the form of constants. The enum name is equal to the constant name (i.e. http.HTTPStatus.OK is also available as http.client.OK ).

3.7 版改变： 添加 421 MISDIRECTED_REQUEST 状态码。

3.8 版新增： 添加 451 UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS 状态码。

3.9 版新增： 添加 103 EARLY_HINTS , 418 IM_A_TEAPOT and 425 TOO_EARLY 状态码。

class http. HTTPMethod ¶

3.11 版新增。

子类化的 enum.StrEnum that defines a set of HTTP methods and descriptions written in English.

用法：

>>> from http import HTTPMethod
>>> HTTMethod.GET
HTTMethod.GET
>>> HTTMethod.GET == 'GET'
True
>>> HTTMethod.GET.value
'GET'
>>> HTTMethod.GET.description
'Transfer a current representation of the target resource.'
>>> list(HTTPMethod)
[HTTPMethod.GET, HTTPMethod.HEAD, ...]
						

HTTP 方法 ¶

支持， IANA-registered methods available in http.HTTPMethod 是：

方法	枚举名称	细节
GET	GET	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 4.3.1
HEAD	HEAD	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.2
POST	POST	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.3
PUT	PUT	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.4
DELETE	DELETE	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.5
CONNECT	CONNECT	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.6
OPTIONS	OPTIONS	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.7
TRACE	TRACE	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.8
PATCH	PATCH	HTTP/1.1 RFC 5789

内容表

• http — HTTP 模块
  • HTTP 状态码
  • HTTP 方法

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