This is a wrapper around
PyImport_Import()
which takes a
const
char
*
as an argument instead of a
PyObject
*
.
此函数是弃用别名化的
PyImport_ImportModule()
.
3.3 版改变： This function used to fail immediately when the import lock was held by another thread. In Python 3.3 though, the locking scheme switched to per-module locks for most purposes, so this function’s special behaviour isn’t needed anymore.
Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python function
__import__()
.
The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level package, or
NULL
with an exception set on failure. Like for
__import__()
, the return value when a submodule of a package was requested is normally the top-level package, unless a non-empty
fromlist
was given.
Failing imports remove incomplete module objects, like with
PyImport_ImportModule()
.
Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python function
__import__()
, as the standard
__import__()
function calls this function directly.
The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level package, or
NULL
with an exception set on failure. Like for
__import__()
, the return value when a submodule of a package was requested is normally the top-level package, unless a non-empty
fromlist
was given.
Added in version 3.3.
类似于
PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject()
，但名称是 UTF-8 编码字符串，而不是 Unicode 对象。
3.3 版改变： 负值 level 不再接受。
This is a higher-level interface that calls the current “import hook function” (with an explicit
level
of 0, meaning absolute import). It invokes the
__import__()
函数从
__builtins__
of the current globals. This means that the import is done using whatever import hooks are installed in the current environment.
此函数始终使用绝对导入。
Reload a module. Return a new reference to the reloaded module, or
NULL
with an exception set on failure (the module still exists in this case).
Return the module object corresponding to a module name. The
name
argument may be of the form
package.module
. First check the modules dictionary if there’s one there, and if not, create a new one and insert it in the modules dictionary. Return
NULL
with an exception set on failure.
注意
This function does not load or import the module; if the module wasn’t already loaded, you will get an empty module object. Use
PyImport_ImportModule()
or one of its variants to import a module. Package structures implied by a dotted name for
name
are not created if not already present.
Added in version 3.3.
类似于
PyImport_AddModuleObject()
，但名称是 UTF-8 编码字符串，而不是 Unicode 对象。
Given a module name (possibly of the form
package.module
) and a code object read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in function
compile()
, load the module. Return a new reference to the module object, or
NULL
with an exception set if an error occurred.
name
is removed from
sys.modules
in error cases, even if
name
was already in
sys.modules
on entry to
PyImport_ExecCodeModule()
. Leaving incompletely initialized modules in
sys.modules
is dangerous, as imports of such modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (and probably damaged with respect to the module author’s intents) state.
模块的
__spec__
and
__loader__
will be set, if not set already, with the appropriate values. The spec’s loader will be set to the module’s
__loader__
(if set) and to an instance of
SourceFileLoader
否则。
模块的
__file__
attribute will be set to the code object’s
co_filename
. If applicable,
__cached__
will also be set.
This function will reload the module if it was already imported. See
PyImport_ReloadModule()
for the intended way to reload a module.
若
name
points to a dotted name of the form
package.module
, any package structures not already created will still not be created.
另请参阅
PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx()
and
PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames()
.
Changed in version 3.12:
The setting of
__cached__
and
__loader__
is deprecated. See
ModuleSpec
for alternatives.
像
PyImport_ExecCodeModule()
，但
__file__
attribute of the module object is set to
pathname
if it is non-
NULL
.
像
PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx()
，但
__cached__
attribute of the module object is set to
cpathname
if it is non-
NULL
. Of the three functions, this is the preferred one to use.
Added in version 3.3.
Changed in version 3.12:
设置
__cached__
is deprecated. See
ModuleSpec
for alternatives.
像
PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject()
，但
name
,
pathname
and
cpathname
are UTF-8 encoded strings. Attempts are also made to figure out what the value for
pathname
should be from
cpathname
if the former is set to
NULL
.
Added in version 3.2.
3.3 版改变：
使用
imp.source_from_cache()
in calculating the source path if only the bytecode path is provided.
Changed in version 3.12:
No longer uses the removed
imp
模块。
Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a.
.pyc
file). The magic number should be present in the first four bytes of the bytecode file, in little-endian byte order. Returns
-1
当出错时。
3.3 版改变：
返回值
-1
当故障时。
Return the magic tag string for
PEP 3147
format Python bytecode file names. Keep in mind that the value at
sys.implementation.cache_tag
is authoritative and should be used instead of this function.
Added in version 3.2.
返回用于管理模块的字典 (也称为
sys.modules
)。注意，这是每解释器变量。
Return the already imported module with the given name. If the module has not been imported yet then returns
NULL
but does not set an error. Returns
NULL
and sets an error if the lookup failed.
Added in version 3.7.
返回查找器对象对于
sys.path
/
pkg.__path__
item
path
，可能通过抓取它从
sys.path_importer_cache
dict. If it wasn’t yet cached, traverse
sys.path_hooks
until a hook is found that can handle the path item. Return
None
if no hook could; this tells our caller that the
基于路径的查找器
could not find a finder for this path item. Cache the result in
sys.path_importer_cache
。返回查找器对象的新引用。
加载的冻结模块名为
name
。返回
1
对于成功，
0
若找不到模块，和
-1
with an exception set if the initialization failed. To access the imported module on a successful load, use
PyImport_ImportModule()
. (Note the misnomer — this function would reload the module if it was already imported.)
Added in version 3.3.
3.4 版改变：
The
__file__
属性不再在模块中设置。
类似于
PyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject()
，但名称是 UTF-8 编码字符串，而不是 Unicode 对象。
This is the structure type definition for frozen module descriptors, as generated by the
freeze
utility (see
Tools/freeze/
in the Python source distribution). Its definition, found in
Include/import.h
, is:
struct _frozen { const char *name; const unsigned char *code; int size; bool is_package; };
3.11 版改变：
新的
is_package
field indicates whether the module is a package or not. This replaces setting the
size
field to a negative value.
此指针被初始化成指向数组为
_frozen
记录，被终止当其每一成员都是
NULL
或 0。当冻结模块被导入时，在此表中搜索它。第 3 方代码可以按此玩点技巧，以提供动态创建的冻结模块的集合。
将单个模块添加到现有内置模块表。这是方便包裹器围绕
PyImport_ExtendInittab()
，返回
-1
若表无法被扩展。可以导入新模块通过名称
name
，和使用函数
initfunc
as the initialization function called on the first attempted import. This should be called before
Py_Initialize()
.
Structure describing a single entry in the list of built-in modules. Programs which embed Python may use an array of these structures in conjunction with
PyImport_ExtendInittab()
to provide additional built-in modules. The structure consists of two members:
The module name, as an ASCII encoded string.
将模块集合添加到内置模块表。
newtab
array must end with a sentinel entry which contains
NULL
为
name
field; failure to provide the sentinel value can result in a memory fault. Returns
0
当成功时或
-1
if insufficient memory could be allocated to extend the internal table. In the event of failure, no modules are added to the internal table. This must be called before
Py_Initialize()
.
If Python is initialized multiple times,
PyImport_AppendInittab()
or
PyImport_ExtendInittab()
must be called before each Python initialization.
