`array` — 高效数值数组 ¶

This module defines an object type which can compactly represent an array of basic values: characters, integers, floating point numbers. Arrays are sequence types and behave very much like lists, except that the type of objects stored in them is constrained. The type is specified at object creation time by using a type code , which is a single character. The following type codes are defined:

类型代码	C 类型	Python 类型	Minimum size in bytes	注意事项
`'b'`	signed char	int	1
`'B'`	unsigned char	int	1
`'u'`	wchar_t	Unicode 字符	2	(1)
`'h'`	signed short	int	2
`'H'`	unsigned short	int	2
`'i'`	signed int	int	2
`'I'`	无符号 int	int	2
`'l'`	signed long	int	4
`'L'`	unsigned long	int	4
`'q'`	signed long long	int	8
`'Q'`	unsigned long long	int	8
`'f'`	float	float	4
`'d'`	double	float	8

注意事项：

它可以是 16 位 (或 32 位) 从属平台。

3.9 版改变： array('u') 现在使用 wchar_t as C type instead of deprecated Py_UNICODE . This change doesn’t affect its behavior because Py_UNICODE is alias of wchar_t since Python 3.3.

从 3.3 版起弃用，将在 4.0 版中移除。

The actual representation of values is determined by the machine architecture (strictly speaking, by the C implementation). The actual size can be accessed through the array.itemsize 属性。

The module defines the following item:

array. typecodes ¶: 具有所有可用类型代码的字符串。

模块定义了以下类型：

class array. array ( typecode [ , initializer ] ) ¶

A new array whose items are restricted by typecode , and initialized from the optional initializer value, which must be a bytes or bytearray object, a Unicode string, or iterable over elements of the appropriate type.

If given a bytes or bytearray object, the initializer is passed to the new array’s frombytes() method; if given a Unicode string, the initializer is passed to the fromunicode() method; otherwise, the initializer’s iterator is passed to the extend() method to add initial items to the array.

Array objects support the ordinary sequence operations of indexing, slicing, concatenation, and multiplication. When using slice assignment, the assigned value must be an array object with the same type code; in all other cases, TypeError is raised. Array objects also implement the buffer interface, and may be used wherever 像字节对象 are supported.

引发审计事件 array.__new__ 采用自变量 typecode , initializer .

typecode ¶: The typecode character used to create the array.

itemsize ¶: The length in bytes of one array item in the internal representation.

append ( x ) ¶: Append a new item with value x to the end of the array.

buffer_info ( ) ¶

返回元组 (address, length) giving the current memory address and the length in elements of the buffer used to hold array’s contents. The size of the memory buffer in bytes can be computed as array.buffer_info()[1] * array.itemsize . This is occasionally useful when working with low-level (and inherently unsafe) I/O interfaces that require memory addresses, such as certain ioctl() operations. The returned numbers are valid as long as the array exists and no length-changing operations are applied to it.

注意

When using array objects from code written in C or C++ (the only way to effectively make use of this information), it makes more sense to use the buffer interface supported by array objects. This method is maintained for backward compatibility and should be avoided in new code. The buffer interface is documented in 缓冲协议 .

byteswap ( ) ¶: “Byteswap” all items of the array. This is only supported for values which are 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes in size; for other types of values, RuntimeError is raised. It is useful when reading data from a file written on a machine with a different byte order.

count ( x ) ¶: Return the number of occurrences of x in the array.

extend ( iterable ) ¶: Append items from iterable to the end of the array. If iterable is another array, it must have exactly the same type code; if not, TypeError 会被引发。若 iterable is not an array, it must be iterable and its elements must be the right type to be appended to the array.

frombytes ( buffer ) ¶

Appends items from the 像字节对象 , interpreting its content as an array of machine values (as if it had been read from a file using the fromfile() 方法)。

Added in version 3.2: fromstring() is renamed to frombytes() for clarity.

fromfile ( f , n ) ¶: 读取 n items (as machine values) from the 文件对象 f and append them to the end of the array. If less than n items are available, EOFError is raised, but the items that were available are still inserted into the array.

fromlist ( list ) ¶: Append items from the list. This is equivalent to for x in list: a.append(x) except that if there is a type error, the array is unchanged.

fromunicode ( s ) ¶: Extends this array with data from the given Unicode string. The array must have type code 'u' ; otherwise a ValueError 被引发。使用 array.frombytes(unicodestring.encode(enc)) to append Unicode data to an array of some other type.

index ( x [ , start [ , stop ] ] ) ¶

Return the smallest i 这样 i is the index of the first occurrence of x in the array. The optional arguments start and stop can be specified to search for x within a subsection of the array. Raise ValueError if x 找不到。

3.10 版改变： Added optional start and stop 参数。

insert ( i , x ) ¶: Insert a new item with value x in the array before position i . Negative values are treated as being relative to the end of the array.

pop ( [ i ] ) ¶: Removes the item with the index i from the array and returns it. The optional argument defaults to -1 ，因此默认情况下，最后项会被移除并返回。

remove ( x ) ¶: Remove the first occurrence of x from the array.

reverse ( ) ¶: Reverse the order of the items in the array.

tobytes ( ) ¶

Convert the array to an array of machine values and return the bytes representation (the same sequence of bytes that would be written to a file by the tofile() method.)

Added in version 3.2: tostring() is renamed to tobytes() for clarity.

tofile ( f ) ¶: Write all items (as machine values) to the 文件对象 f .

tolist ( ) ¶: Convert the array to an ordinary list with the same items.

tounicode ( ) ¶: Convert the array to a Unicode string. The array must have a type 'u' ; otherwise a ValueError 被引发。使用 array.tobytes().decode(enc) to obtain a Unicode string from an array of some other type.

The string representation of array objects has the form array(typecode, initializer) 。 initializer is omitted if the array is empty, otherwise it is a Unicode string if the typecode is 'u' , otherwise it is a list of numbers. The string representation is guaranteed to be able to be converted back to an array with the same type and value using eval() , so long as the array class has been imported using from array import array . Variables inf and nan must also be defined if it contains corresponding floating point values. Examples:

array('l')
array('u', 'hello \u2641')
array('l', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
array('d', [1.0, 2.0, 3.14, -inf, nan])

另请参阅

模块 struct: Packing and unpacking of heterogeneous binary data.
模块 xdrlib: Packing and unpacking of External Data Representation (XDR) data as used in some remote procedure call systems.
NumPy: The NumPy package defines another array type.

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