filecmp
dircmp
stat — 解释 stat() 结果
stat
stat()
源代码： Lib/filecmp.py
The filecmp 模块定义比较文件、目录的函数，具有各种可选时间/正确性权衡。为比较文件，另请参阅 difflib 模块。
difflib
The filecmp 模块定义了下列函数：
比较文件名为 f1 and f2 ，返回 True 若它们看起来相等， False 否则。
True
False
若 shallow is true and the os.stat() signatures (file type, size, and modification time) of both files are identical, the files are taken to be equal.
os.stat()
Otherwise, the files are treated as different if their sizes or contents differ.
Note that no external programs are called from this function, giving it portability and efficiency.
This function uses a cache for past comparisons and the results, with cache entries invalidated if the os.stat() information for the file changes. The entire cache may be cleared using clear_cache() .
clear_cache()
Compare the files in the two directories dir1 and dir2 whose names are given by common .
Returns three lists of file names: match , mismatch , errors . match contains the list of files that match, mismatch contains the names of those that don’t, and errors lists the names of files which could not be compared. Files are listed in errors if they don’t exist in one of the directories, the user lacks permission to read them or if the comparison could not be done for some other reason.
The shallow parameter has the same meaning and default value as for filecmp.cmp() .
filecmp.cmp()
例如， cmpfiles('a', 'b', ['c', 'd/e']) 将比较 a/c with b/c and a/d/e with b/d/e . 'c' and 'd/e' will each be in one of the three returned lists.
cmpfiles('a', 'b', ['c', 'd/e'])
a/c
b/c
a/d/e
b/d/e
'c'
'd/e'
Clear the filecmp cache. This may be useful if a file is compared so quickly after it is modified that it is within the mtime resolution of the underlying filesystem.
Added in version 3.4.
Construct a new directory comparison object, to compare the directories a and b . ignore is a list of names to ignore, and defaults to filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES . hide is a list of names to hide, and defaults to [os.curdir, os.pardir] .
filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES
[os.curdir, os.pardir]
The dircmp class compares files by doing shallow comparisons as described for filecmp.cmp() .
The dircmp 类提供以下方法：
打印 (到 sys.stdout ) 比较介于 a and b .
sys.stdout
Print a comparison between a and b and common immediate subdirectories.
Print a comparison between a and b and common subdirectories (recursively).
The dircmp class offers a number of interesting attributes that may be used to get various bits of information about the directory trees being compared.
Note that via __getattr__() hooks, all attributes are computed lazily, so there is no speed penalty if only those attributes which are lightweight to compute are used.
__getattr__()
目录 a .
目录 b .
Files and subdirectories in a , filtered by hide and ignore .
Files and subdirectories in b , filtered by hide and ignore .
Files and subdirectories in both a and b .
Files and subdirectories only in a .
Files and subdirectories only in b .
Subdirectories in both a and b .
Files in both a and b .
Names in both a and b , such that the type differs between the directories, or names for which os.stat() 报告错误。
Files which are identical in both a and b , using the class’s file comparison operator.
Files which are in both a and b , whose contents differ according to the class’s file comparison operator.
Files which are in both a and b , but could not be compared.
A dictionary mapping names in common_dirs to dircmp instances (or MyDirCmp instances if this instance is of type MyDirCmp, a subclass of dircmp ).
common_dirs
3.10 版改变： Previously entries were always dircmp instances. Now entries are the same type as self ，若 self 是子类化的 dircmp .
List of directories ignored by dircmp 在默认情况下。
Here is a simplified example of using the subdirs attribute to search recursively through two directories to show common different files:
subdirs
>>> from filecmp import dircmp >>> def print_diff_files(dcmp): ... for name in dcmp.diff_files: ... print("diff_file %s found in %s and %s" % (name, dcmp.left, ... dcmp.right)) ... for sub_dcmp in dcmp.subdirs.values(): ... print_diff_files(sub_dcmp) ... >>> dcmp = dircmp('dir1', 'dir2') >>> print_diff_files(dcmp)
tempfile — 生成临时文件和目录
tempfile
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