`fnmatch` — Unix 文件名模式匹配 ¶

此模块提供对 Unix Shell 样式通配符的支持，这 not 与正则表达式相同 (文档化在 re 模块)。用于 Shell 样式通配符的特殊字符：

模式	含义
`*`	匹配一切
`?`	匹配任何单字符
`[seq]`	匹配任何字符在 seq
`[!seq]`	匹配任何字符不在 seq

对于文字匹配，将元字符包裹在括号中。例如， '[?]' 匹配字符 '?' .

Note that the filename separator ( '/' on Unix) is not special to this module. See module glob for pathname expansion ( glob 使用 filter() to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the * and ? patterns.

另请注意 functools.lru_cache() 采用 maxsize of 32768 is used to cache the compiled regex patterns in the following functions: fnmatch() , fnmatchcase() , filter() .

fnmatch. fnmatch ( name , pat ) ¶

Test whether the filename string name matches the pattern string pat ，返回 True or False . Both parameters are case-normalized using os.path.normcase() . fnmatchcase() can be used to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that’s standard for the operating system.

This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension .txt :

import fnmatch
import os
for file in os.listdir('.'):
    if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
        print(file)

fnmatch. fnmatchcase ( name , pat ) ¶: Test whether the filename string name matches the pattern string pat ，返回 True or False ; the comparison is case-sensitive and does not apply os.path.normcase() .

fnmatch. filter ( 名称 , pat ) ¶: Construct a list from those elements of the iterable 名称 that match pattern pat . It is the same as [n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pat)] , but implemented more efficiently.

fnmatch. translate ( pat ) ¶

Return the shell-style pattern pat converted to a regular expression for using with re.match() .

范例：

>>> import fnmatch, re
>>>
>>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
>>> regex
'(?s:.*\\.txt)\\Z'
>>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
>>> reobj.match('foobar.txt')
<re.Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'>

另请参阅

模块 glob: Unix shell 样式的路径扩展。

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