`http` — HTTP 模块 ¶

源代码： Lib/http/__init__.py

http 是集合了几个操控 HTTP (超文本传输协议) 模块的包：

http.client 是低级 HTTP 协议客户端；对于高级 URL 打开使用 urllib.request
http.server 包含基本 HTTP 服务器类基于 socketserver
http.cookies 是拥有管理 Cookie 实现状态的实用工具
http.cookiejar 提供 Cookie 的持久性

The http 模块还定义了下列帮助操控 HTTP 相关代码的枚举：

class http. HTTPStatus ¶

Added in version 3.5.

子类化的 enum.IntEnum that defines a set of HTTP status codes, reason phrases and long descriptions written in English.

用法：

>>> from http import HTTPStatus
>>> HTTPStatus.OK
HTTPStatus.OK
>>> HTTPStatus.OK == 200
True
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.value
200
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.phrase
'OK'
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.description
'Request fulfilled, document follows'
>>> list(HTTPStatus)
[HTTPStatus.CONTINUE, HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS, ...]

HTTP 状态码 ¶

支持， IANA-registered status codes available in http.HTTPStatus 是：

代码	枚举名称	细节
`100`	`CONTINUE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.2.1
`101`	`SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.2.2
`102`	`PROCESSING`	WebDAV RFC 2518 ，章节 10.1
`103`	`EARLY_HINTS`	HTTP 状态码用于指示提示 RFC 8297
`200`	`OK`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.1
`201`	`CREATED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.2
`202`	`ACCEPTED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.3
`203`	`NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.4
`204`	`NO_CONTENT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.5
`205`	`RESET_CONTENT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.3.6
`206`	`PARTIAL_CONTENT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7233 ，章节 4.1
`207`	`MULTI_STATUS`	WebDAV RFC 4918 ，章节 11.1
`208`	`ALREADY_REPORTED`	WebDAV 绑定扩展 RFC 5842 ，章节 7.1 (实验性)
`226`	`IM_USED`	增量编码在 HTTP RFC 3229 ，章节 10.4.1
`300`	`MULTIPLE_CHOICES`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.1
`301`	`MOVED_PERMANENTLY`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.2
`302`	`FOUND`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.3
`303`	`SEE_OTHER`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.4
`304`	`NOT_MODIFIED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232 ，章节 4.1
`305`	`USE_PROXY`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.5
`307`	`TEMPORARY_REDIRECT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.4.7
`308`	`PERMANENT_REDIRECT`	Permanent Redirect RFC 7238 , Section 3 (Experimental)
`400`	`BAD_REQUEST`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.5.1
`401`	`UNAUTHORIZED`	HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235 , Section 3.1
`402`	`PAYMENT_REQUIRED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.2
`403`	`FORBIDDEN`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.3
`404`	`NOT_FOUND`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.4
`405`	`METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.5
`406`	`NOT_ACCEPTABLE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.6
`407`	`PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`	HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235 , Section 3.2
`408`	`REQUEST_TIMEOUT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.7
`409`	`CONFLICT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.8
`410`	`GONE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.9
`411`	`LENGTH_REQUIRED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.10
`412`	`PRECONDITION_FAILED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232 , Section 4.2
`413`	`REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.11
`414`	`REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.12
`415`	`UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.13
`416`	`REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE`	HTTP/1.1 Range Requests RFC 7233 , Section 4.4
`417`	`EXPECTATION_FAILED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.14
`418`	`IM_A_TEAPOT`	HTCPCP/1.0 RFC 2324 , Section 2.3.2
`421`	`MISDIRECTED_REQUEST`	HTTP/2 RFC 7540 , Section 9.1.2
`422`	`UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY`	WebDAV RFC 4918 , Section 11.2
`423`	`LOCKED`	WebDAV RFC 4918 , Section 11.3
`424`	`FAILED_DEPENDENCY`	WebDAV RFC 4918 , Section 11.4
`425`	`TOO_EARLY`	Using Early Data in HTTP RFC 8470
`426`	`UPGRADE_REQUIRED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.5.15
`428`	`PRECONDITION_REQUIRED`	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585
`429`	`TOO_MANY_REQUESTS`	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585
`431`	`REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE`	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585
`451`	`UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS`	An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles RFC 7725
`500`	`INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.1
`501`	`NOT_IMPLEMENTED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.2
`502`	`BAD_GATEWAY`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.3
`503`	`SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.4
`504`	`GATEWAY_TIMEOUT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 6.6.5
`505`	`HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6.6.6
`506`	`VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES`	Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP RFC 2295 , Section 8.1 (Experimental)
`507`	`INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE`	WebDAV RFC 4918 , Section 11.5
`508`	`LOOP_DETECTED`	WebDAV 绑定扩展 RFC 5842 , Section 7.2 (Experimental)
`510`	`NOT_EXTENDED`	An HTTP Extension Framework RFC 2774 , Section 7 (Experimental)
`511`	`NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585 ，章节 6

In order to preserve backwards compatibility, enum values are also present in the http.client module in the form of constants. The enum name is equal to the constant name (i.e. http.HTTPStatus.OK is also available as http.client.OK ).

3.7 版改变：添加 421 MISDIRECTED_REQUEST 状态码。

Added in version 3.8: 添加 451 UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS 状态码。

Added in version 3.9: 添加 103 EARLY_HINTS , 418 IM_A_TEAPOT and 425 TOO_EARLY 状态码。

HTTP status category ¶

3.12 版添加。

The enum values have several properties to indicate the HTTP status category:

特性	指示	细节
`is_informational`	`100 <= status <= 199`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6
`is_success`	`200 <= status <= 299`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6
`is_redirection`	`300 <= status <= 399`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6
`is_client_error`	`400 <= status <= 499`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6
`is_server_error`	`500 <= status <= 599`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 6

用法：

>>> from http import HTTPStatus
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.is_success
True
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.is_client_error
False

class http. HTTPMethod ¶

Added in version 3.11.

子类化的 enum.StrEnum that defines a set of HTTP methods and descriptions written in English.

用法：

>>> from http import HTTPMethod
>>>
>>> HTTPMethod.GET
<HTTPMethod.GET>
>>> HTTPMethod.GET == 'GET'
True
>>> HTTPMethod.GET.value
'GET'
>>> HTTPMethod.GET.description
'Retrieve the target.'
>>> list(HTTPMethod)
[<HTTPMethod.CONNECT>,
 <HTTPMethod.DELETE>,
 <HTTPMethod.GET>,
 <HTTPMethod.HEAD>,
 <HTTPMethod.OPTIONS>,
 <HTTPMethod.PATCH>,
 <HTTPMethod.POST>,
 <HTTPMethod.PUT>,
 <HTTPMethod.TRACE>]

HTTP 方法 ¶

支持， IANA-registered methods available in http.HTTPMethod 是：

方法	枚举名称	细节
`GET`	`GET`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 ，章节 4.3.1
`HEAD`	`HEAD`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.2
`POST`	`POST`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.3
`PUT`	`PUT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.4
`DELETE`	`DELETE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.5
`CONNECT`	`CONNECT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.6
`OPTIONS`	`OPTIONS`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.7
`TRACE`	`TRACE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231 , Section 4.3.8
`PATCH`	`PATCH`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 5789