uuid
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源代码： Lib/uuid.py
此模块提供不可变 UUID 对象 ( UUID 类) 和函数 uuid1() , uuid3() , uuid4() , uuid5() 用于生成第 1、3、4 和 5 版的 UUID 作为指定在 RFC 4122 .
UUID
uuid1()
uuid3()
uuid4()
uuid5()
If all you want is a unique ID, you should probably call uuid1() or uuid4() 。注意， uuid1() may compromise privacy since it creates a UUID containing the computer’s network address. uuid4() creates a random UUID.
Depending on support from the underlying platform, uuid1() may or may not return a “safe” UUID. A safe UUID is one which is generated using synchronization methods that ensure no two processes can obtain the same UUID. All instances of UUID have an is_safe attribute which relays any information about the UUID’s safety, using this enumeration:
is_safe
Added in version 3.7.
The UUID was generated by the platform in a multiprocessing-safe way.
The UUID was not generated in a multiprocessing-safe way.
The platform does not provide information on whether the UUID was generated safely or not.
Create a UUID from either a string of 32 hexadecimal digits, a string of 16 bytes in big-endian order as the bytes argument, a string of 16 bytes in little-endian order as the bytes_le argument, a tuple of six integers (32-bit time_low , 16-bit time_mid , 16-bit time_hi_version , 8-bit clock_seq_hi_variant , 8-bit clock_seq_low , 48-bit node ) as the 字段 argument, or a single 128-bit integer as the int argument. When a string of hex digits is given, curly braces, hyphens, and a URN prefix are all optional. For example, these expressions all yield the same UUID:
UUID('{12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678}') UUID('12345678123456781234567812345678') UUID('urn:uuid:12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678') UUID(bytes=b'\x12\x34\x56\x78'*4) UUID(bytes_le=b'\x78\x56\x34\x12\x34\x12\x78\x56' + b'\x12\x34\x56\x78\x12\x34\x56\x78') UUID(fields=(0x12345678, 0x1234, 0x5678, 0x12, 0x34, 0x567812345678)) UUID(int=0x12345678123456781234567812345678)
Exactly one of hex , bytes , bytes_le , 字段 ，或 int must be given. The version argument is optional; if given, the resulting UUID will have its variant and version number set according to RFC 4122 , overriding bits in the given hex , bytes , bytes_le , 字段 ，或 int .
Comparison of UUID objects are made by way of comparing their UUID.int attributes. Comparison with a non-UUID object raises a TypeError .
UUID.int
TypeError
str(uuid) returns a string in the form 12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678 where the 32 hexadecimal digits represent the UUID.
str(uuid)
12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
UUID 实例拥有这些只读属性：
The UUID as a 16-byte string (containing the six integer fields in big-endian byte order).
The UUID as a 16-byte string (with time_low , time_mid ，和 time_hi_version in little-endian byte order).
A tuple of the six integer fields of the UUID, which are also available as six individual attributes and two derived attributes:
The UUID as a 32-character lowercase hexadecimal string.
The UUID as a 128-bit integer.
The UUID as a URN as specified in RFC 4122 .
The UUID variant, which determines the internal layout of the UUID. This will be one of the constants RESERVED_NCS , RFC_4122 , RESERVED_MICROSOFT ，或 RESERVED_FUTURE .
RESERVED_NCS
RFC_4122
RESERVED_MICROSOFT
RESERVED_FUTURE
The UUID version number (1 through 5, meaningful only when the variant is RFC_4122 ).
An enumeration of SafeUUID which indicates whether the platform generated the UUID in a multiprocessing-safe way.
SafeUUID
The uuid 模块定义了下列函数：
以 48 位正整数形式获取硬件地址。首次运行时，这会发起可能相当慢的单独程序。若获得硬件地址的所有尝试失败，我们随机选取采用将多点播送位 (第一个 8 位的最低显著位) 设为 1 的 48 位数作为推荐在 RFC 4122 . “Hardware address” means the MAC address of a network interface. On a machine with multiple network interfaces, universally administered MAC addresses (i.e. where the second least significant bit of the first octet is unset ) will be preferred over locally administered MAC addresses, but with no other ordering guarantees.
3.7 版改变： Universally administered MAC addresses are preferred over locally administered MAC addresses, since the former are guaranteed to be globally unique, while the latter are not.
Generate a UUID from a host ID, sequence number, and the current time. If node 未给定， getnode() is used to obtain the hardware address. If clock_seq is given, it is used as the sequence number; otherwise a random 14-bit sequence number is chosen.
getnode()
Generate a UUID based on the MD5 hash of a namespace identifier (which is a UUID) and a name (which is a bytes object or a string that will be encoded using UTF-8).
bytes
Generate a random UUID.
Generate a UUID based on the SHA-1 hash of a namespace identifier (which is a UUID) and a name (which is a bytes object or a string that will be encoded using UTF-8).
The uuid module defines the following namespace identifiers for use with uuid3() or uuid5() .
When this namespace is specified, the name string is a fully qualified domain name.
When this namespace is specified, the name string is a URL.
When this namespace is specified, the name string is an ISO OID.
When this namespace is specified, the name string is an X.500 DN in DER or a text output format.
The uuid module defines the following constants for the possible values of the variant 属性：
variant
Reserved for NCS compatibility.
Specifies the UUID layout given in RFC 4122 .
Reserved for Microsoft compatibility.
Reserved for future definition.
另请参阅
This specification defines a Uniform Resource Name namespace for UUIDs, the internal format of UUIDs, and methods of generating UUIDs.
3.12 版添加。
The uuid module can be executed as a script from the command line.
python -m uuid [-h] [-u {uuid1,uuid3,uuid4,uuid5}] [-n NAMESPACE] [-N NAME]
The following options are accepted:
Show the help message and exit.
Specify the function name to use to generate the uuid. By default uuid4() 被使用。
The namespace is a UUID ，或 @ns where ns is a well-known predefined UUID addressed by namespace name. Such as @dns , @url , @oid ，和 @x500 . Only required for uuid3() / uuid5() 函数。
@ns
ns
@dns
@url
@oid
@x500
The name used as part of generating the uuid. Only required for uuid3() / uuid5() 函数。
Here are some examples of typical usage of the uuid 模块：
>>> import uuid >>> # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time >>> uuid.uuid1() UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e') >>> # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org') UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e') >>> # make a random UUID >>> uuid.uuid4() UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da') >>> # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org') UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d') >>> # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored) >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}') >>> # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form >>> str(x) '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f' >>> # get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID >>> x.bytes b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f' >>> # make a UUID from a 16-byte string >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes) UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')
Here are some examples of typical usage of the uuid command line interface:
# generate a random uuid - by default uuid4() is used $ python -m uuid # generate a uuid using uuid1() $ python -m uuid -u uuid1 # generate a uuid using uuid5 $ python -m uuid -u uuid5 -n @url -N example.com
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