pwd
— 口令数据库
¶
This module provides access to the Unix user account and password database. It is available on all Unix versions.
Password database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes correspond to the members of the
passwd
structure (Attribute field below, see
<pwd.h>
):
| 索引 | 属性 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 |
pw_name
|
Login name |
| 1 |
pw_passwd
|
Optional encrypted password |
| 2 |
pw_uid
|
Numerical user ID |
| 3 |
pw_gid
|
Numerical group ID |
| 4 |
pw_gecos
|
User name or comment field |
| 5 |
pw_dir
|
User home directory |
| 6 |
pw_shell
|
User command interpreter |
The uid and gid items are integers, all others are strings.
KeyError
is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.
注意
In traditional Unix the field
pw_passwd
usually contains a password encrypted with a DES derived algorithm (see module
crypt
). However most modern unices use a so-called
shadow password
system. On those unices the
pw_passwd
field only contains an asterisk (
'*'
) or the letter
'x'
where the encrypted password is stored in a file
/etc/shadow
which is not world readable. Whether the
pw_passwd
field contains anything useful is system-dependent. If available, the
spwd
module should be used where access to the encrypted password is required.
It defines the following items:
pwd.
getpwuid
(
uid
)
¶
Return the password database entry for the given numeric user ID.
pwd.
getpwnam
(
name
)
¶
Return the password database entry for the given user name.
pwd.
getpwall
(
)
¶
Return a list of all available password database entries, in arbitrary order.