开发工具 ¶

此章描述的模块帮助您编写软件。例如， pydoc module takes a module and generates documentation based on the module’s contents. The doctest and unittest modules contains frameworks for writing unit tests that automatically exercise code and verify that the expected output is produced. 2to3 can translate Python 2.x source code into valid Python 3.x code.

此章描述的模块列表：

• typing — 支持类型提示
  • 类型别名
  • NewType
  • 可调用
  • 一般
  • 用户定义一般类型
  • The Any type
  • 名义 vs 结构子类型
  • Classes, functions, and decorators
• pydoc — 文档编制生成器和在线帮助系统
• doctest — 测试交互 Python 范例
  • 简单用法：校验 docstring (文档字符串) 中的范例
  • 简单用法：校验文本文件中的范例
  • 它如何工作
    • Which Docstrings Are Examined?
    • How are Docstring Examples Recognized?
    • What’s the Execution Context?
    • What About Exceptions?
    • 选项标志
    • 指令
    • 警告
  • 基本 API
  • Unittest API
  • 高级 API
    • DocTest 对象
    • 范例对象
    • DocTestFinder 对象
    • DocTestParser 对象
    • DocTestRunner 对象
    • OutputChecker 对象
  • 调试
  • Soapbox
• unittest — 单元测试框架
  • 基本范例
  • 命令行接口
    • 命令行选项
  • 测试探索
  • 组织测试代码
  • 重用旧测试代码
  • Skipping tests and expected failures
  • Distinguishing test iterations using subtests
  • 类和函数
    • Test cases
      • Deprecated aliases
    • Grouping tests
    • Loading and running tests
      • load_tests Protocol
  • Class and Module Fixtures
    • setUpClass and tearDownClass
    • setUpModule and tearDownModule
  • 信号处理
• unittest.mock — 仿造对象库
  • Quick Guide
  • The Mock Class
    • 调用
    • Deleting Attributes
    • Mock names and the name attribute
    • Attaching Mocks as Attributes
  • The patchers
    • patch
    • patch.object
    • patch.dict
    • patch.multiple
    • patch methods: start and stop
    • patch builtins
    • TEST_PREFIX
    • Nesting Patch Decorators
    • Where to patch
    • Patching Descriptors and Proxy Objects
  • MagicMock and magic method support
    • Mocking Magic Methods
    • Magic Mock
  • 帮手
    • sentinel
    • DEFAULT
    • call
    • create_autospec
    • ANY
    • FILTER_DIR
    • mock_open
    • Autospeccing
    • Sealing mocks
• unittest.mock — 快速入门
  • Using Mock
    • Mock Patching Methods
    • Mock for Method Calls on an Object
    • Mocking Classes
    • Naming your mocks
    • 追踪所有调用
    • Setting Return Values and Attributes
    • Raising exceptions with mocks
    • Side effect functions and iterables
    • Mocking asynchronous iterators
    • Mocking asynchronous context manager
    • Creating a Mock from an Existing Object
  • 补丁装饰器
  • Further Examples
    • Mocking chained calls
    • Partial mocking
    • Mocking a Generator Method
    • Applying the same patch to every test method
    • Mocking Unbound Methods
    • Checking multiple calls with mock
    • Coping with mutable arguments
    • 嵌套补丁
    • Mocking a dictionary with MagicMock
    • Mock subclasses and their attributes
    • Mocking imports with patch.dict
    • Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertions
    • More complex argument matching
• 2to3 - 自动 Python 2 到 3 代码翻译
  • 使用 2to3
  • Fixers
  • lib2to3 - 2to3 的库
• test — 用于 Python 的回归测试包
  • 编写单元测试为 test 包
  • Running tests using the command-line interface
• test.support — 用于 Python 测试套件的实用程序
• test.support.script_helper — 用于 Python 执行测试的实用程序

See also the Python development mode: the -X dev 选项和 PYTHONDEVMODE 环境变量。

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