glob — Unix 样式路径名模式扩展 ¶

源代码： Lib/glob.py

glob module finds all the pathnames matching a specified pattern according to the rules used by the Unix shell, although results are returned in arbitrary order. No tilde expansion is done, but * , ? , and character ranges expressed with [] will be correctly matched. This is done by using the os.scandir() and fnmatch.fnmatch() functions in concert, and not by actually invoking a subshell. Note that unlike fnmatch.fnmatch() , glob treats filenames beginning with a dot ( . ) as special cases. (For tilde and shell variable expansion, use os.path.expanduser() and os.path.expandvars() .)

For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, '[?]' 匹配字符 '?' .

glob. glob ( pathname , * , recursive=False ) ¶

Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match pathname , which must be a string containing a path specification. pathname can be either absolute (like /usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile ) or relative (like ../../Tools/*/*.gif ), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell). Whether or not the results are sorted depends on the file system. If a file that satisfies conditions is removed or added during the call of this function, whether a path name for that file be included is unspecified.

若 recursive 为 True，模式 “ ** ” will match any files and zero or more directories, subdirectories and symbolic links to directories. If the pattern is followed by an os.sep or os.altsep then files will not match.

引发 审计事件 glob.glob 采用自变量 pathname , recursive .

注意

使用 “ ** ” pattern in large directory trees may consume an inordinate amount of time.

3.5 版改变： Support for recursive globs using “ ** ”.

glob. iglob ( pathname , * , recursive=False ) ¶

返回 iterator which yields the same values as glob() without actually storing them all simultaneously.

引发 审计事件 glob.glob 采用自变量 pathname , recursive .

glob. escape ( pathname ) ¶

转义所有特殊字符 ( '?' , '*' and '[' ). This is useful if you want to match an arbitrary literal string that may have special characters in it. Special characters in drive/UNC sharepoints are not escaped, e.g. on Windows escape('//?/c:/Quo vadis?.txt') 返回 '//?/c:/Quo vadis[?].txt' .

3.4 版新增。

For example, consider a directory containing the following files: 1.gif , 2.txt , card.gif and a subdirectory sub which contains only the file 3.txt . glob() will produce the following results. Notice how any leading components of the path are preserved.

>>> import glob
>>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
['./1.gif', './2.txt']
>>> glob.glob('*.gif')
['1.gif', 'card.gif']
>>> glob.glob('?.gif')
['1.gif']
>>> glob.glob('**/*.txt', recursive=True)
['2.txt', 'sub/3.txt']
>>> glob.glob('./**/', recursive=True)
['./', './sub/']
							

If the directory contains files starting with . they won’t be matched by default. For example, consider a directory containing card.gif and .card.gif :

>>> import glob
>>> glob.glob('*.gif')
['card.gif']
>>> glob.glob('.c*')
['.card.gif']
							

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