弃用 ¶

Pending Removal in Python 3.14 ¶

• argparse ： type , choices ，和 metavar parameters of argparse.BooleanOptionalAction are deprecated and will be removed in 3.14. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-92248 )。

• ast : The following features have been deprecated in documentation since Python 3.8, now cause a DeprecationWarning to be emitted at runtime when they are accessed or used, and will be removed in Python 3.14:

  • ast.Num

  • ast.Str

  • ast.Bytes

  • ast.NameConstant

  • ast.Ellipsis

  使用 ast.Constant instead. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in gh-90953 )。

• asyncio :

  • The child watcher classes MultiLoopChildWatcher , FastChildWatcher , AbstractChildWatcher and SafeChildWatcher are deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in gh-94597 )。

  • asyncio.set_child_watcher() , asyncio.get_child_watcher() , asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher() and asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher() are deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in gh-94597 )。

  • The get_event_loop() method of the default event loop policy now emits a DeprecationWarning if there is no current event loop set and it decides to create one. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Guido van Rossum in gh-100160 )。

• collections.abc : Deprecated ByteString . Prefer Sequence or Buffer . For use in typing, prefer a union, like bytes | bytearray ，或 collections.abc.Buffer . (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in gh-91896 )。

• email : Deprecated the isdst parameter in email.utils.localtime() . (Contributed by Alan Williams in gh-72346 )。

• importlib.abc deprecated classes:

  • importlib.abc.ResourceReader

  • importlib.abc.Traversable

  • importlib.abc.TraversableResources

  使用 importlib.resources.abc classes instead:

  • importlib.resources.abc.Traversable

  • importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources

  (Contributed by Jason R. Coombs and Hugo van Kemenade in gh-93963 )。

• itertools had undocumented, inefficient, historically buggy, and inconsistent support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle operations. This will be removed in 3.14 for a significant reduction in code volume and maintenance burden. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in gh-101588 )。

• multiprocessing : The default start method will change to a safer one on Linux, BSDs, and other non-macOS POSIX platforms where 'fork' is currently the default ( gh-84559 ). Adding a runtime warning about this was deemed too disruptive as the majority of code is not expected to care. Use the get_context() or set_start_method() APIs to explicitly specify when your code requires 'fork' 。见 上下文和启动方法 .

• pathlib : is_relative_to() and relative_to() : passing additional arguments is deprecated.

• pkgutil : find_loader() and get_loader() 现在引发 DeprecationWarning ；使用 importlib.util.find_spec() instead. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-97850 )。

• pty :

  • master_open() : use pty.openpty() .

  • slave_open() : use pty.openpty() .

• sqlite3 :

  • version and version_info .

  • execute() and executemany() if named placeholders are used and 参数 is a sequence instead of a dict .

• typing : ByteString , deprecated since Python 3.9, now causes a DeprecationWarning to be emitted when it is used.

• urllib : urllib.parse.Quoter is deprecated: it was not intended to be a public API. (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in gh-88168 )。

Pending Removal in Python 3.15 ¶

• The import system:

  • 设置 __cached__ on a module while failing to set __spec__.cached is deprecated. In Python 3.15, __cached__ will cease to be set or take into consideration by the import system or standard library. ( gh-97879 )

  • 设置 __package__ on a module while failing to set __spec__.parent is deprecated. In Python 3.15, __package__ will cease to be set or take into consideration by the import system or standard library. ( gh-97879 )

• ctypes :

  • The undocumented ctypes.SetPointerType() function has been deprecated since Python 3.13.

• http.server :

  • The obsolete and rarely used CGIHTTPRequestHandler has been deprecated since Python 3.13. No direct replacement exists. Anything is better than CGI to interface a web server with a request handler.

  • The --cgi flag to the python -m http.server command-line interface has been deprecated since Python 3.13.

• locale :

  • The getdefaultlocale() function has been deprecated since Python 3.11. Its removal was originally planned for Python 3.13 ( gh-90817 ), but has been postponed to Python 3.15. Use getlocale() , setlocale() ，和 getencoding() instead. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in gh-111187 )。

• pathlib :

  • PurePath.is_reserved() has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use os.path.isreserved() to detect reserved paths on Windows.

• platform :

  • java_ver() has been deprecated since Python 3.13. This function is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API, and is largely untested.

• threading :

  • RLock() will take no arguments in Python 3.15. Passing any arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14, as the Python version does not permit any arguments, but the C version allows any number of positional or keyword arguments, ignoring every argument.

• types :

  • types.CodeType : Accessing co_lnotab was deprecated in PEP 626 since 3.10 and was planned to be removed in 3.12, but it only got a proper DeprecationWarning in 3.12. May be removed in 3.15. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-101866 )。

• typing :

  • The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating NamedTuple classes (e.g. Point = NamedTuple("Point", x=int, y=int) ) has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use the class-based syntax or the functional syntax instead.

  • The typing.no_type_check_decorator() decorator function has been deprecated since Python 3.13. After eight years in the typing module, it has yet to be supported by any major type checker.

• wave :

  • The getmark() , setmark() ，和 getmarkers() methods of the Wave_read and Wave_write classes have been deprecated since Python 3.13.

Pending removal in Python 3.16 ¶

• The import system:

  • 设置 __loader__ on a module while failing to set __spec__.loader is deprecated. In Python 3.16, __loader__ will cease to be set or taken into consideration by the import system or the standard library.

• array :

  • The 'u' format code ( wchar_t ) has been deprecated in documentation since Python 3.3 and at runtime since Python 3.13. Use the 'w' format code ( Py_UCS4 ) for Unicode characters instead.

• asyncio :

  • asyncio.iscoroutinefunction() is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16, use inspect.iscoroutinefunction() instead. (Contributed by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in gh-122875 )。

• builtins :

  • Bitwise inversion on boolean types, ~True or ~False has been deprecated since Python 3.12, as it produces surprising and unintuitive results ( -2 and -1 ). Use not x instead for the logical negation of a Boolean. In the rare case that you need the bitwise inversion of the underlying integer, convert to int explicitly ( ~int(x) ).

• shutil :

  • The ExecError exception has been deprecated since Python 3.14. It has not been used by any function in shutil since Python 3.4, and is now an alias of RuntimeError .

• symtable :

  • The Class.get_methods method has been deprecated since Python 3.14.

• sys :

  • The _enablelegacywindowsfsencoding() function has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use the PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING environment variable instead.

• tarfile :

  • The undocumented and unused TarFile.tarfile attribute has been deprecated since Python 3.13.

Pending Removal in Future Versions ¶

The following APIs will be removed in the future, although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.

• argparse : Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive groups are deprecated.

• array ’s 'u' format code ( gh-57281 )

• builtins :

  • bool(NotImplemented) .

  • Generators: throw(type, exc, tb) and athrow(type, exc, tb) signature is deprecated: use throw(exc) and athrow(exc) instead, the single argument signature.

  • Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords, for example 0in x , 1or x , 0if 1else 2 . It allows confusing and ambiguous expressions like [0x1for x in y] (which can be interpreted as [0x1 for x in y] or [0x1f or x in y] ). A syntax warning is raised if the numeric literal is immediately followed by one of keywords and , else , for , if , in , is and or . In a future release it will be changed to a syntax error. ( gh-87999 )

  • 支持 __index__() and __int__() method returning non-int type: these methods will be required to return an instance of a strict subclass of int .

  • 支持 __float__() method returning a strict subclass of float : these methods will be required to return an instance of float .

  • 支持 __complex__() method returning a strict subclass of complex : these methods will be required to return an instance of complex .

  • Delegation of int() to __trunc__() 方法。

  • Passing a complex number as the real or imag argument in the complex() constructor is now deprecated; it should only be passed as a single positional argument. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in gh-109218 )。

• calendar : calendar.January and calendar.February constants are deprecated and replaced by calendar.JANUARY and calendar.FEBRUARY . (Contributed by Prince Roshan in gh-103636 )。

• codeobject.co_lnotab ：使用 codeobject.co_lines() method instead.

• datetime :

  • utcnow() : use datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC) .

  • utcfromtimestamp() : use datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC) .

• gettext : Plural value must be an integer.

• importlib :

  • load_module() method: use exec_module() 代替。

  • cache_from_source() debug_override parameter is deprecated: use the optimization parameter instead.

• importlib.metadata :

  • EntryPoints tuple interface.

  • Implicit None on return values.

• logging : the warn() method has been deprecated since Python 3.3, use warning() 代替。

• mailbox : Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use BytesIO and binary mode instead.

• os : Calling os.register_at_fork() in multi-threaded process.

• pydoc.ErrorDuringImport : A tuple value for exc_info parameter is deprecated, use an exception instance.

• re : More strict rules are now applied for numerical group references and group names in regular expressions. Only sequence of ASCII digits is now accepted as a numerical reference. The group name in bytes patterns and replacement strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and underscore. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in gh-91760 )。

• sre_compile , sre_constants and sre_parse 模块。

• shutil : rmtree() ’s onerror parameter is deprecated in Python 3.12; use the onexc parameter instead.

• ssl options and protocols:

  • ssl.SSLContext without protocol argument is deprecated.

  • ssl.SSLContext : set_npn_protocols() and selected_npn_protocol() are deprecated: use ALPN instead.

  • ssl.OP_NO_SSL* 选项

  • ssl.OP_NO_TLS* 选项

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2

  • ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3

  • ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1

  • ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1

• sysconfig.is_python_build() check_home parameter is deprecated and ignored.

• threading 方法：

  • threading.Condition.notifyAll() : use notify_all() .

  • threading.Event.isSet() : use is_set() .

  • threading.Thread.isDaemon() , threading.Thread.setDaemon() : use threading.Thread.daemon 属性。

  • threading.Thread.getName() , threading.Thread.setName() : use threading.Thread.name 属性。

  • threading.currentThread() : use threading.current_thread() .

  • threading.activeCount() : use threading.active_count() .

• typing.Text ( gh-92332 ).

• unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase : it is deprecated to return a value that is not None from a test case.

• urllib.parse deprecated functions: urlparse() 代替

  • splitattr()

  • splithost()

  • splitnport()

  • splitpasswd()

  • splitport()

  • splitquery()

  • splittag()

  • splittype()

  • splituser()

  • splitvalue()

  • to_bytes()

• urllib.request : URLopener and FancyURLopener style of invoking requests is deprecated. Use newer urlopen() functions and methods.

• wsgiref : SimpleHandler.stdout.write() should not do partial writes.

• xml.etree.ElementTree : Testing the truth value of an Element is deprecated. In a future release it will always return True . Prefer explicit len(elem) or elem is not None tests instead.

• zipimport.zipimporter.load_module() is deprecated: use exec_module() 代替。

C API Deprecations ¶

Pending Removal in Python 3.14 ¶

• The ma_version_tag field in PyDictObject for extension modules ( PEP 699 ; gh-101193 ).

• Creating immutable types with mutable bases ( gh-95388 ).

• Functions to configure Python’s initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:

  • PySys_SetArgvEx() : Set PyConfig.argv 代替。

  • PySys_SetArgv() : Set PyConfig.argv 代替。

  • Py_SetProgramName() : Set PyConfig.program_name 代替。

  • Py_SetPythonHome() : Set PyConfig.home 代替。

  The Py_InitializeFromConfig() API should be used with PyConfig 代替。

• Global configuration variables:

  • Py_DebugFlag : Use PyConfig.parser_debug 代替。

  • Py_VerboseFlag : Use PyConfig.verbose 代替。

  • Py_QuietFlag : Use PyConfig.quiet 代替。

  • Py_InteractiveFlag : Use PyConfig.interactive 代替。

  • Py_InspectFlag : Use PyConfig.inspect 代替。

  • Py_OptimizeFlag : Use PyConfig.optimization_level 代替。

  • Py_NoSiteFlag : Use PyConfig.site_import 代替。

  • Py_BytesWarningFlag : Use PyConfig.bytes_warning 代替。

  • Py_FrozenFlag : Use PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings 代替。

  • Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag : Use PyConfig.use_environment 代替。

  • Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag : Use PyConfig.write_bytecode 代替。

  • Py_NoUserSiteDirectory : Use PyConfig.user_site_directory 代替。

  • Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag : Use PyConfig.buffered_stdio 代替。

  • Py_HashRandomizationFlag : Use PyConfig.use_hash_seed and PyConfig.hash_seed 代替。

  • Py_IsolatedFlag : Use PyConfig.isolated 代替。

  • Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag : Use PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding 代替。

  • Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag : Use PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio 代替。

  • Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding : Use PyConfig.filesystem_encoding 代替。

  • Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding : Use PyConfig.filesystem_encoding 代替。

  • Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors : Use PyConfig.filesystem_errors 代替。

  • Py_UTF8Mode : Use PyPreConfig.utf8_mode instead. (see Py_PreInitialize() )

  The Py_InitializeFromConfig() API should be used with PyConfig 代替。

Pending Removal in Python 3.15 ¶

• The bundled copy of libmpdecimal .

• The PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock() : Use PyImport_ImportModule() 代替。

• PyWeakref_GetObject() and PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT() : Use PyWeakref_GetRef() 代替。

• Py_UNICODE type and the Py_UNICODE_WIDE macro: Use wchar_t 代替。

• Python initialization functions:

  • PySys_ResetWarnOptions() : Clear sys.warnoptions and warnings.filters 代替。

  • Py_GetExecPrefix() : Get sys.base_exec_prefix and sys.exec_prefix 代替。

  • Py_GetPath() : Get sys.path 代替。

  • Py_GetPrefix() : Get sys.base_prefix and sys.prefix 代替。

  • Py_GetProgramFullPath() : Get sys.executable 代替。

  • Py_GetProgramName() : Get sys.executable 代替。

  • Py_GetPythonHome() : Get PyConfig.home 或 PYTHONHOME environment variable instead.

Pending Removal in Future Versions ¶

The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed, although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.

• Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE : Unneeded since Python 3.8.

• PyErr_Fetch() : Use PyErr_GetRaisedException() 代替。

• PyErr_NormalizeException() : Use PyErr_GetRaisedException() 代替。

• PyErr_Restore() : Use PyErr_SetRaisedException() 代替。

• PyModule_GetFilename() : Use PyModule_GetFilenameObject() 代替。

• PyOS_AfterFork() : Use PyOS_AfterFork_Child() 代替。

• PySlice_GetIndicesEx() : Use PySlice_Unpack() and PySlice_AdjustIndices() 代替。

• PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject() : Use PyCodec_Decode() 代替。

• PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode() : Use PyCodec_Decode() 代替。

• PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject() : Use PyCodec_Encode() 代替。

• PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode() : Use PyCodec_Encode() 代替。

• PyUnicode_READY() : Unneeded since Python 3.12

• PyErr_Display() : Use PyErr_DisplayException() 代替。

• _PyErr_ChainExceptions() : Use _PyErr_ChainExceptions1() 代替。

• PyBytesObject.ob_shash member: call PyObject_Hash() 代替。

• PyDictObject.ma_version_tag 成员。

• Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:

  • PyThread_create_key() : Use PyThread_tss_alloc() 代替。

  • PyThread_delete_key() : Use PyThread_tss_free() 代替。

  • PyThread_set_key_value() : Use PyThread_tss_set() 代替。

  • PyThread_get_key_value() : Use PyThread_tss_get() 代替。

  • PyThread_delete_key_value() : Use PyThread_tss_delete() 代替。

  • PyThread_ReInitTLS() ：不需要从 Python 3.7 起。