26. 开发工具 ¶

此章描述的模块帮助您编写软件。例如， pydoc module takes a module and generates documentation based on the module’s contents. The doctest and unittest modules contains frameworks for writing unit tests that automatically exercise code and verify that the expected output is produced. 2to3 can translate Python 2.x source code into valid Python 3.x code.

此章描述的模块列表：

• 26.1. pydoc — 文档编制生成器和在线帮助系统
• 26.2. doctest — 测试交互 Python 范例
  • 26.2.1. Simple Usage: Checking Examples in Docstrings
  • 26.2.2. Simple Usage: Checking Examples in a Text File
  • 26.2.3. How It Works
    • 26.2.3.1. Which Docstrings Are Examined?
    • 26.2.3.2. How are Docstring Examples Recognized?
    • 26.2.3.3. What’s the Execution Context?
    • 26.2.3.4. What About Exceptions?
    • 26.2.3.5. Option Flags
    • 26.2.3.6. Directives
    • 26.2.3.7. Warnings
  • 26.2.4. Basic API
  • 26.2.5. Unittest API
  • 26.2.6. Advanced API
    • 26.2.6.1. DocTest Objects
    • 26.2.6.2. Example Objects
    • 26.2.6.3. DocTestFinder objects
    • 26.2.6.4. DocTestParser objects
    • 26.2.6.5. DocTestRunner objects
    • 26.2.6.6. OutputChecker objects
  • 26.2.7. Debugging
  • 26.2.8. Soapbox
• 26.3. unittest — 单元测试框架
  • 26.3.1. Basic example
  • 26.3.2. Command-Line Interface
    • 26.3.2.1. Command-line options
  • 26.3.3. Test Discovery
  • 26.3.4. Organizing test code
  • 26.3.5. Re-using old test code
  • 26.3.6. Skipping tests and expected failures
  • 26.3.7. Distinguishing test iterations using subtests
  • 26.3.8. Classes and functions
    • 26.3.8.1. Test cases
      • 26.3.8.1.1. Deprecated aliases
    • 26.3.8.2. Grouping tests
    • 26.3.8.3. Loading and running tests
      • 26.3.8.3.1. load_tests Protocol
  • 26.3.9. Class and Module Fixtures
    • 26.3.9.1. setUpClass and tearDownClass
    • 26.3.9.2. setUpModule and tearDownModule
  • 26.3.10. Signal Handling
• 26.4. unittest.mock — 仿造对象库
  • 26.4.1. Quick Guide
  • 26.4.2. The Mock Class
    • 26.4.2.1. Calling
    • 26.4.2.2. Deleting Attributes
    • 26.4.2.3. Mock names and the name attribute
    • 26.4.2.4. Attaching Mocks as Attributes
  • 26.4.3. The patchers
    • 26.4.3.1. patch
    • 26.4.3.2. patch.object
    • 26.4.3.3. patch.dict
    • 26.4.3.4. patch.multiple
    • 26.4.3.5. patch methods: start and stop
    • 26.4.3.6. TEST_PREFIX
    • 26.4.3.7. Nesting Patch Decorators
    • 26.4.3.8. Where to patch
    • 26.4.3.9. Patching Descriptors and Proxy Objects
  • 26.4.4. MagicMock and magic method support
    • 26.4.4.1. Mocking Magic Methods
    • 26.4.4.2. Magic Mock
  • 26.4.5. Helpers
    • 26.4.5.1. sentinel
    • 26.4.5.2. DEFAULT
    • 26.4.5.3. call
    • 26.4.5.4. create_autospec
    • 26.4.5.5. ANY
    • 26.4.5.6. FILTER_DIR
    • 26.4.5.7. mock_open
    • 26.4.5.8. Autospeccing
• 26.5. unittest.mock — 快速入门
  • 26.5.1. Using Mock
    • 26.5.1.1. Mock Patching Methods
    • 26.5.1.2. Mock for Method Calls on an Object
    • 26.5.1.3. Mocking Classes
    • 26.5.1.4. Naming your mocks
    • 26.5.1.5. Tracking all Calls
    • 26.5.1.6. Setting Return Values and Attributes
    • 26.5.1.7. Raising exceptions with mocks
    • 26.5.1.8. Side effect functions and iterables
    • 26.5.1.9. Creating a Mock from an Existing Object
  • 26.5.2. Patch Decorators
  • 26.5.3. Further Examples
    • 26.5.3.1. Mocking chained calls
    • 26.5.3.2. Partial mocking
    • 26.5.3.3. Mocking a Generator Method
    • 26.5.3.4. Applying the same patch to every test method
    • 26.5.3.5. Mocking Unbound Methods
    • 26.5.3.6. Checking multiple calls with mock
    • 26.5.3.7. Coping with mutable arguments
    • 26.5.3.8. Nesting Patches
    • 26.5.3.9. Mocking a dictionary with MagicMock
    • 26.5.3.10. Mock subclasses and their attributes
    • 26.5.3.11. Mocking imports with patch.dict
    • 26.5.3.12. Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertions
    • 26.5.3.13. More complex argument matching
• 26.6. 2to3 - 自动 Python 2 到 3 代码翻译
  • 26.6.1. Using 2to3
  • 26.6.2. Fixers
  • 26.6.3. lib2to3 - 2to3 的库
• 26.7. test — 用于 Python 的回归测试包
  • 26.7.1. Writing Unit Tests for the test 包
  • 26.7.2. Running tests using the command-line interface
• 26.8. test.support — 用于 Python 测试套件的实用程序

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