http.cookies
— HTTP 状态管理
¶
源代码： Lib/http/cookies.py
The
http.cookies
module defines classes for abstracting the concept of cookies, an HTTP state management mechanism. It supports both simple string-only cookies, and provides an abstraction for having any serializable data-type as cookie value.
The module formerly strictly applied the parsing rules described in the RFC 2109 and RFC 2068 specifications. It has since been discovered that MSIE 3.0x doesn’t follow the character rules outlined in those specs and also many current day browsers and servers have relaxed parsing rules when comes to Cookie handling. As a result, the parsing rules used are a bit less strict.
字符集，
string.ascii_letters
,
string.digits
and
!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~:
denote the set of valid characters allowed by this module in Cookie name (as
key
).
3.3 版改变： 允许 : 作为有效 Cookie 名称字符。
注意
当遇到无效 Cookie 时，
CookieError
is raised, so if your cookie data comes from a browser you should always prepare for invalid data and catch
CookieError
on parsing.
Exception failing because of RFC 2109 invalidity: incorrect attributes, incorrect Set-Cookie header, etc.
This class is a dictionary-like object whose keys are strings and whose values are
Morsel
instances. Note that upon setting a key to a value, the value is first converted to a
Morsel
containing the key and the value.
若
input
有给定，会被传递给
load()
方法。
此类派生自
BaseCookie
和覆写
value_decode()
and
value_encode()
to be the identity and
str()
分别。
另请参阅
http.cookiejar
http.cookiejar
and
http.cookies
模块不相互依赖。
Return a decoded value from a string representation. Return value can be any type. This method does nothing in
BaseCookie
— it exists so it can be overridden.
Return an encoded value.
val
can be any type, but return value must be a string. This method does nothing in
BaseCookie
— it exists so it can be overridden.
In general, it should be the case that
value_encode()
and
value_decode()
are inverses on the range of
value_decode
.
Return a string representation suitable to be sent as HTTP headers.
attrs
and
header
are sent to each
Morsel
‘s
output()
方法。
sep
is used to join the headers together, and is by default the combination
'\r\n'
(CRLF).
Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP headers was sent.
The meaning for
attrs
is the same as in
output()
.
若
rawdata
is a string, parse it as an
HTTP_COOKIE
and add the values found there as
Morsel
s. If it is a dictionary, it is equivalent to:
for k, v in rawdata.items(): cookie[k] = v
抽象键/值对，有一些 RFC 2109 属性。
Morsels are dictionary-like objects, whose set of keys is constant — the valid RFC 2109 attributes, which are
expires
path
comment
domain
max-age
secure
version
httponly
属性
httponly
specifies that the cookie is only transferred in HTTP requests, and is not accessible through JavaScript. This is intended to mitigate some forms of cross-site scripting.
The keys are case-insensitive.
Cookie 的值。
The encoded value of the cookie — this is what should be sent.
Cookie 的名称。
设置 key , value and coded_value 属性。
Whether
K
is a member of the set of keys of a
Morsel
.
Return a string representation of the Morsel, suitable to be sent as an HTTP header. By default, all the attributes are included, unless
attrs
is given, in which case it should be a list of attributes to use.
header
is by default
"Set-Cookie:"
.
Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP header was sent.
The meaning for
attrs
is the same as in
output()
.
Return a string representing the Morsel, without any surrounding HTTP or JavaScript.
The meaning for
attrs
is the same as in
output()
.
以下范例演示如何使用
http.cookies
模块。
>>> from http import cookies >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie() >>> C["fig"] = "newton" >>> C["sugar"] = "wafer" >>> print(C) # generate HTTP headers Set-Cookie: fig=newton Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer >>> print(C.output()) # same thing Set-Cookie: fig=newton Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie() >>> C["rocky"] = "road" >>> C["rocky"]["path"] = "/cookie" >>> print(C.output(header="Cookie:")) Cookie: rocky=road; Path=/cookie >>> print(C.output(attrs=[], header="Cookie:")) Cookie: rocky=road >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie() >>> C.load("chips=ahoy; vienna=finger") # load from a string (HTTP header) >>> print(C) Set-Cookie: chips=ahoy Set-Cookie: vienna=finger >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie() >>> C.load('keebler="E=everybody; L=\\"Loves\\"; fudge=\\012;";') >>> print(C) Set-Cookie: keebler="E=everybody; L=\"Loves\"; fudge=\012;" >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie() >>> C["oreo"] = "doublestuff" >>> C["oreo"]["path"] = "/" >>> print(C) Set-Cookie: oreo=doublestuff; Path=/ >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie() >>> C["twix"] = "none for you" >>> C["twix"].value 'none for you' >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie() >>> C["number"] = 7 # equivalent to C["number"] = str(7) >>> C["string"] = "seven" >>> C["number"].value '7' >>> C["string"].value 'seven' >>> print(C) Set-Cookie: number=7 Set-Cookie: string=seven