fnmatch
— Unix 文件名模式匹配
¶
源代码： Lib/fnmatch.py
This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are
not
the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the
re
module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:
| Pattern | 含义 |
|---|---|
*
|
匹配一切 |
?
|
matches any single character |
[seq]
|
matches any character in seq |
[!seq]
|
matches any character not in seq |
For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example,
'[?]'
匹配字符
'?'
.
Note that the filename separator (
'/'
on Unix) is
not
special to this module. See module
glob
for pathname expansion (
glob
使用
filter()
to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the
*
and
?
patterns.
fnmatch.
fnmatch
(
filename
,
pattern
)
¶
Test whether the
filename
string matches the
pattern
string, returning
True
or
False
. Both parameters are case-normalized using
os.path.normcase()
.
fnmatchcase()
can be used to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that’s standard for the operating system.
This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension
.txt
:
import fnmatch
import os
for file in os.listdir('.'):
if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
print(file)
fnmatch.
fnmatchcase
(
filename
,
pattern
)
¶
Test whether
filename
匹配
pattern
，返回
True
or
False
; the comparison is case-sensitive and does not apply
os.path.normcase()
.
fnmatch.
filter
(
names
,
pattern
)
¶
Return the subset of the list of
names
that match
pattern
. It is the same as
[n
for
n
in
names
if
fnmatch(n,
pattern)]
, but implemented more efficiently.
fnmatch.
translate
(
pattern
)
¶
Return the shell-style
pattern
converted to a regular expression for using with
re.match()
.
范例：
>>> import fnmatch, re
>>>
>>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
>>> regex
'(?s:.*\\.txt)\\Z'
>>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
>>> reobj.match('foobar.txt')
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'>
另请参阅
glob