`stat` — 解释 `stat()` 结果 ¶

源代码： Lib/stat.py

The stat 模块定义的常量和函数用于解释结果为 os.stat() , os.fstat() and os.lstat() (若存在)。对于完整细节有关 stat() , fstat() and lstat() 调用，请翻阅系统文档编制。

3.4 版改变： stat 模块由 C 实现。

The stat 模块定义下列函数，以测试特定文件类型：

stat. S_ISDIR ( mode ) ¶: Return non-zero if the mode is from a directory.

stat. S_ISCHR ( mode ) ¶: Return non-zero if the mode is from a character special device file.

stat. S_ISBLK ( mode ) ¶: Return non-zero if the mode is from a block special device file.

stat. S_ISREG ( mode ) ¶: Return non-zero if the mode is from a regular file.

stat. S_ISFIFO ( mode ) ¶: Return non-zero if the mode is from a FIFO (named pipe).

stat. S_ISLNK ( mode ) ¶: Return non-zero if the mode is from a symbolic link.

stat. S_ISSOCK ( mode ) ¶: Return non-zero if the mode is from a socket.

stat. S_ISDOOR ( mode ) ¶

Return non-zero if the mode is from a door.

Added in version 3.4.

stat. S_ISPORT ( mode ) ¶

Return non-zero if the mode is from an event port.

Added in version 3.4.

stat. S_ISWHT ( mode ) ¶

Return non-zero if the mode is from a whiteout.

Added in version 3.4.

Two additional functions are defined for more general manipulation of the file’s mode:

stat. S_IMODE ( mode ) ¶: Return the portion of the file’s mode that can be set by os.chmod() —that is, the file’s permission bits, plus the sticky bit, set-group-id, and set-user-id bits (on systems that support them).

stat. S_IFMT ( mode ) ¶: Return the portion of the file’s mode that describes the file type (used by the S_IS*() functions above).

Normally, you would use the os.path.is*() functions for testing the type of a file; the functions here are useful when you are doing multiple tests of the same file and wish to avoid the overhead of the stat() system call for each test. These are also useful when checking for information about a file that isn’t handled by os.path , like the tests for block and character devices.

范例：

import os, sys
from stat import *
def walktree(top, callback):
    '''recursively descend the directory tree rooted at top,
       calling the callback function for each regular file'''
    for f in os.listdir(top):
        pathname = os.path.join(top, f)
        mode = os.lstat(pathname).st_mode
        if S_ISDIR(mode):
            # It's a directory, recurse into it
            walktree(pathname, callback)
        elif S_ISREG(mode):
            # It's a file, call the callback function
            callback(pathname)
        else:
            # Unknown file type, print a message
            print('Skipping %s' % pathname)
def visitfile(file):
    print('visiting', file)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    walktree(sys.argv[1], visitfile)

An additional utility function is provided to convert a file’s mode in a human readable string:

stat. filemode ( mode ) ¶

Convert a file’s mode to a string of the form ‘-rwxrwxrwx’.

Added in version 3.3.

3.4 版改变：函数支持 S_IFDOOR , S_IFPORT and S_IFWHT .

All the variables below are simply symbolic indexes into the 10-tuple returned by os.stat() , os.fstat() or os.lstat() .

stat. ST_MODE ¶: Inode protection mode.

stat. ST_INO ¶: Inode 编号。

stat. ST_DEV ¶: Device inode resides on.

stat. ST_NLINK ¶: Number of links to the inode.

stat. ST_UID ¶: User id of the owner.

stat. ST_GID ¶: Group id of the owner.

stat. ST_SIZE ¶: Size in bytes of a plain file; amount of data waiting on some special files.

stat. ST_ATIME ¶: Time of last access.

stat. ST_MTIME ¶: Time of last modification.

stat. ST_CTIME ¶: The “ctime” as reported by the operating system. On some systems (like Unix) is the time of the last metadata change, and, on others (like Windows), is the creation time (see platform documentation for details).

The interpretation of “file size” changes according to the file type. For plain files this is the size of the file in bytes. For FIFOs and sockets under most flavors of Unix (including Linux in particular), the “size” is the number of bytes waiting to be read at the time of the call to os.stat() , os.fstat() ，或 os.lstat() ; this can sometimes be useful, especially for polling one of these special files after a non-blocking open. The meaning of the size field for other character and block devices varies more, depending on the implementation of the underlying system call.

The variables below define the flags used in the ST_MODE 字段。

Use of the functions above is more portable than use of the first set of flags:

stat. S_IFSOCK ¶: 套接字。

stat. S_IFLNK ¶: 符号链接。

stat. S_IFREG ¶: Regular file.

stat. S_IFBLK ¶: Block device.

stat. S_IFDIR ¶: 目录。

stat. S_IFCHR ¶: 字符设备。

stat. S_IFIFO ¶: FIFO (先进先出)。

stat. S_IFDOOR ¶

Door.

Added in version 3.4.

stat. S_IFPORT ¶

事件端口。

Added in version 3.4.

stat. S_IFWHT ¶

Whiteout.

Added in version 3.4.

注意

S_IFDOOR , S_IFPORT or S_IFWHT are defined as 0 when the platform does not have support for the file types.

The following flags can also be used in the mode 自变量 os.chmod() :

stat. S_ISUID ¶: Set UID bit.

stat. S_ISGID ¶: Set-group-ID bit. This bit has several special uses. For a directory it indicates that BSD semantics is to be used for that directory: files created there inherit their group ID from the directory, not from the effective group ID of the creating process, and directories created there will also get the S_ISGID bit set. For a file that does not have the group execution bit ( S_IXGRP ) set, the set-group-ID bit indicates mandatory file/record locking (see also S_ENFMT ).

stat. S_ISVTX ¶: Sticky bit. When this bit is set on a directory it means that a file in that directory can be renamed or deleted only by the owner of the file, by the owner of the directory, or by a privileged process.

stat. S_IRWXU ¶: Mask for file owner permissions.

stat. S_IRUSR ¶: Owner has read permission.

stat. S_IWUSR ¶: Owner has write permission.

stat. S_IXUSR ¶: Owner has execute permission.

stat. S_IRWXG ¶: Mask for group permissions.

stat. S_IRGRP ¶: Group has read permission.

stat. S_IWGRP ¶: Group has write permission.

stat. S_IXGRP ¶: Group has execute permission.

stat. S_IRWXO ¶: Mask for permissions for others (not in group).

stat. S_IROTH ¶: Others have read permission.

stat. S_IWOTH ¶: 其它拥有写入权限。

stat. S_IXOTH ¶: 其它拥有执行权限。

stat. S_ENFMT ¶: System V file locking enforcement. This flag is shared with S_ISGID : file/record locking is enforced on files that do not have the group execution bit ( S_IXGRP ) set.

stat. S_IREAD ¶: Unix V7 synonym for S_IRUSR .

stat. S_IWRITE ¶: Unix V7 synonym for S_IWUSR .

stat. S_IEXEC ¶: Unix V7 synonym for S_IXUSR .

The following flags can be used in the flags 自变量 os.chflags() :

stat. UF_SETTABLE ¶

All user settable flags.

3.13 版添加。

stat. UF_NODUMP ¶: Do not dump the file.

stat. UF_IMMUTABLE ¶: The file may not be changed.

stat. UF_APPEND ¶: The file may only be appended to.

stat. UF_OPAQUE ¶: The directory is opaque when viewed through a union stack.

stat. UF_NOUNLINK ¶: The file may not be renamed or deleted.

stat. UF_COMPRESSED ¶: The file is stored compressed (macOS 10.6+).

stat. UF_TRACKED ¶

Used for handling document IDs (macOS)

3.13 版添加。

stat. UF_DATAVAULT ¶

The file needs an entitlement for reading or writing (macOS 10.13+)

3.13 版添加。

stat. UF_HIDDEN ¶: The file should not be displayed in a GUI (macOS 10.5+).

stat. SF_SETTABLE ¶

All super-user changeable flags

3.13 版添加。

stat. SF_SUPPORTED ¶: All super-user supported flags

可用性 : macOS

3.13 版添加。

stat. SF_SYNTHETIC ¶: All super-user read-only synthetic flags

可用性 : macOS

3.13 版添加。

stat. SF_ARCHIVED ¶: The file may be archived.

stat. SF_IMMUTABLE ¶: The file may not be changed.

stat. SF_APPEND ¶: The file may only be appended to.

stat. SF_RESTRICTED ¶

The file needs an entitlement to write to (macOS 10.13+)

3.13 版添加。

stat. SF_NOUNLINK ¶: The file may not be renamed or deleted.

stat. SF_SNAPSHOT ¶: 文件是快照文件。

stat. SF_FIRMLINK ¶

The file is a firmlink (macOS 10.15+)

3.13 版添加。

stat. SF_DATALESS ¶

The file is a dataless object (macOS 10.15+)

3.13 版添加。

See the *BSD or macOS systems man page chflags(2) 了解更多信息。

On Windows, the following file attribute constants are available for use when testing bits in the st_file_attributes member returned by os.stat() 。见 Windows API documentation for more detail on the meaning of these constants.

stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_INTEGRITY_STREAM ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SCRUB_DATA ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY ¶
stat. FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL ¶: Added in version 3.5.

On Windows, the following constants are available for comparing against the st_reparse_tag member returned by os.lstat() . These are well-known constants, but are not an exhaustive list.

stat. IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK ¶
stat. IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT ¶
stat. IO_REPARSE_TAG_APPEXECLINK ¶: Added in version 3.8.

内容表

stat — 解释 stat() 结果

上一话题

fileinput — 遍历来自多个输入流的行

下一话题

filecmp — 文件和目录比较

本页

«