`tempfile` — 生成临时文件和目录 ¶

源代码： Lib/tempfile.py

此模块创建临时文件和目录。它工作于所有支持的平台。 TemporaryFile , NamedTemporaryFile , TemporaryDirectory ，和 SpooledTemporaryFile are high-level interfaces which provide automatic cleanup and can be used as context managers . mkstemp() and mkdtemp() are lower-level functions which require manual cleanup.

All the user-callable functions and constructors take additional arguments which allow direct control over the location and name of temporary files and directories. Files names used by this module include a string of random characters which allows those files to be securely created in shared temporary directories. To maintain backward compatibility, the argument order is somewhat odd; it is recommended to use keyword arguments for clarity.

The module defines the following user-callable items:

tempfile. TemporaryFile ( mode = 'w+b' , buffering = -1 , encoding = None , newline = None , suffix = None , prefix = None , dir = None , * , errors = None ) ¶

返回像文件对象 that can be used as a temporary storage area. The file is created securely, using the same rules as mkstemp() . It will be destroyed as soon as it is closed (including an implicit close when the object is garbage collected). Under Unix, the directory entry for the file is either not created at all or is removed immediately after the file is created. Other platforms do not support this; your code should not rely on a temporary file created using this function having or not having a visible name in the file system.

The resulting object can be used as a 上下文管理器 (见范例 ). On completion of the context or destruction of the file object the temporary file will be removed from the filesystem.

The mode parameter defaults to 'w+b' so that the file created can be read and written without being closed. Binary mode is used so that it behaves consistently on all platforms without regard for the data that is stored. buffering , encoding , errors and newline are interpreted as for open() .

The dir , prefix and suffix parameters have the same meaning and defaults as with mkstemp() .

The returned object is a true file object on POSIX platforms. On other platforms, it is a file-like object whose file attribute is the underlying true file object.

The os.O_TMPFILE flag is used if it is available and works (Linux-specific, requires Linux kernel 3.11 or later).

On platforms that are neither Posix nor Cygwin, TemporaryFile is an alias for NamedTemporaryFile.

引发审计事件 tempfile.mkstemp 采用自变量 fullpath .

3.5 版改变： The os.O_TMPFILE 标志现被使用 (若可用)。

3.8 版改变：添加 errors 参数。

范例 ¶

Here are some examples of typical usage of the


tempfile

模块：

>>> import tempfile # create a temporary file and write some data to it >>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile() >>> fp.write(b'Hello world!') # read data from file >>> fp.seek(0) >>> fp.read() b'Hello world!' # close the file, it will be removed >>> fp.close() # create a temporary file using a context manager >>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as fp: ... fp.write(b'Hello world!') ... fp.seek(0) ... fp.read() b'Hello world!' >>> # file is now closed and removed # create a temporary file using a context manager # close the file, use the name to open the file again >>> with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete_on_close=False) as fp: ... fp.write(b'Hello world!') ... fp.close() ... # the file is closed, but not removed ... # open the file again by using its name ... with open(fp.name, mode='rb') as f: ... f.read() b'Hello world!' >>> # file is now removed # create a temporary directory using the context manager >>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname: ... print('created temporary directory', tmpdirname) >>> # directory and contents have been removed

弃用函数和变量 ¶

A historical way to create temporary files was to first generate a file name with the


mktemp()

function and then create a file using this name. Unfortunately this is not secure, because a different process may create a file with this name in the time between the call to


mktemp()

and the subsequent attempt to create the file by the first process. The solution is to combine the two steps and create the file immediately. This approach is used by


mkstemp()

and the other functions described above.

tempfile. mktemp ( suffix = '' , prefix = 'tmp' , dir = None ) ¶

从 2.3 版起弃用：使用 mkstemp() 代替。

Return an absolute pathname of a file that did not exist at the time the call is made. The prefix , suffix ，和 dir arguments are similar to those of mkstemp() , except that bytes file names, suffix=None and prefix=None 不支持。

警告

Use of this function may introduce a security hole in your program. By the time you get around to doing anything with the file name it returns, someone else may have beaten you to the punch. mktemp() usage can be replaced easily with NamedTemporaryFile() , passing it the delete=False parameter:

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write(b"Hello World!\n")
13
>>> f.close()
>>> os.unlink(f.name)
>>> os.path.exists(f.name)
False

`tempfile` — 生成临时文件和目录 ¶

范例 ¶

弃用函数和变量 ¶

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tempfile — 生成临时文件和目录 ¶

范例 ¶

弃用函数和变量 ¶

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`tempfile` — 生成临时文件和目录 ¶